Abstract
Disha A (Bacillus cereus) and Disha B (Bacillus safensis) were isolated from pesticide-infested agricultural field and showed tolerance against pesticides, heavy metals, and antibiotics. The isolates exhibited PGPR activities in vitro as well as in field conditions in lentil (Lens culinaris) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata). Both the Bacillus species could not be grown in mineral salt medium but efficiently grown in the media supplemented with pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) demonstrating the utilization of pesticide as carbon/nitrogen source. The HPLC studies exhibited the pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) degradation by both the bacteria. B. safensis showed better degradation of carbendazim (88.93%) and imidacloprid (82.48%) than that of B. cereus 78.07% and 49.12%, respectively. The bacterial isolates showed high concentration of heavy metal tolerance viz. lead, molybdenum, cadmium, copper, cobalt, and zinc, except mercury. Both the bacteria possessed single plasmid. The plasmid-cured isolates of B. cereus did not tolerate any pesticide, whereas that of B. safensis tolerated all the pesticides, like wild strains. The plasmid curing experiments did not affect the heavy metal tolerance ability of both the bacteria indicating the genomic nature of heavy metal tolerance genes, whereas pesticide resistance genes are plasmid-dependent in B. cereus but genomic in B. safensis.
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Abbreviations
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- LB:
-
Luria Bertani
- MS:
-
Mineral salt
- MSM:
-
Mineral salt medium
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- NB:
-
Nutrient broth
- NA:
-
Nutrient agar
- PGPR:
-
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
- PGPF:
-
Plant growth-promoting fungi
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Acknowledgements
The work was financially supported by Department of Science and Technology (West Bengal), India [Memo no. 757 (Sanc)/ST/P/S&T/1G-15/2014]. We acknowledge the help of Mr. S. Biswas, Central Instrumental Facility, Bose Institute, Kankurgachhi, Kolkata, India for HPLC analysis.
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ND and SM developed the concept. ND and SM designed the experiment. TR performed the experiments. ND, AB, and SM analyzed the data. ND, TR, and CP interpreted the results. TR, AB, CP, and ND wrote the manuscript. ND overall supervised the work.
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Roy, T., Bandopadhyay, A., Paul, C. et al. Role of Plasmid in Pesticide Degradation and Metal Tolerance in Two Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Bacillus cereus (NCIM 5557) and Bacillus safensis (NCIM 5558). Curr Microbiol 79, 106 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02793-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02793-w