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Comparing the Bacteriostatic Effects of Different Metal Nanoparticles Against Proteus vulgaris

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Abstract

For many years, researchers were looking for new antibacterial substances to deal with hospital infections and especially resistant infections. Nanoparticles attracted much attentions because of their very small size that increases the surface to capacity ratio and consequently increase chemical activity. In this study, the antibacterial effects of silver, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied on Proteus vulgaris, as a bacterium involved in the resistant hospital infections. The capability of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of bacteria was assessed via 9 different methods including cylinder, disk, and well-diffusion, spot test, MBC, MIC, liquid inhibitory action test, diffusion, and assessing the effects of nanoparticles on a 24-h culture. Based on the results, copper oxide and silver nanoparticles had high antibacterial effects on P. vulgaris in both liquid and solid cultures, respectively. However, nickel oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles only had a weak effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth in the liquid culture. CuO and Ag NPs could release ions and consequently produce free radicals, disturb the equilibrium of electrons between electron donor groups and inactivate enzymes and DNA of the organisms. Moreover, they triggered holes in the bacterial membrane to disturb cellular ion equilibrium. So, they can be used to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Besides, further studies have shown that they could be used as a supplementary treatment and/or in combination with other drugs to cure infections caused by P. vulgaris.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Islamic Azad University of Urmia and conducted in the microbiology laboratory. We are also grateful to Dr. Zahra Morad pour (Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran) and Dr. Abdollah Ghasemian (Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran) for helping us with used techniques and working with TTC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Young Researchers Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

    Hamed Charkhian & Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

    Amin Bodaqlouie, Ramin Hosseinzadeh & Meysam Khodayar

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Lida Lotfollahi

  4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Nima Shaykh-Baygloo

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Nesa Yousefi

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  1. Hamed Charkhian
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  2. Amin Bodaqlouie
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  3. Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari
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Contributions

Hamed conceived of the presented idea, collected the data, contributed data or analysis tools, performed the analysis, wrote the paper. Amin Conceived and deigned the analysis, contributed data or analysis tools. Ehsan Conceived and deigned the analysis, performed experimental analysis, performed the data analysis, wrote the paper, edited the final paper. Lida deigned the analysis, scientific consultant, edited the paper. Nima deigned the analysis, scientific consultant, edited the paper. Ramin technical assistant, performed experimental analysis. Nesa technical assistant, performed experimental analysis. Meysam technical assistant, performed experimental analysis.

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Correspondence to Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari.

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Charkhian, H., Bodaqlouie, A., Soleimannezhadbari, E. et al. Comparing the Bacteriostatic Effects of Different Metal Nanoparticles Against Proteus vulgaris. Curr Microbiol 77, 2674–2684 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02029-9

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