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Cobalt Immobilization by Manganese Oxidizing Bacteria from the Indian Ridge System

Current Microbiology volume 62, pages 840–849 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

Co immobilization by two manganese oxidizing isolates from Carlsberg Ridge waters (CR35 and CR48) was compared with that of Mn at same molar concentrations. At a lower concentration of 10 μM, CR35 and CR48 immobilized 22 and 23 fM Co cell−1 respectively, which was 1.4 to 2 times higher than that of Mn oxidation, while at 10 mM the immobilization was 15–69 times lower than that of Mn. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyses of intact bacterial cells grown in 1 mM Co revealed Co peaks showing extracellular binding of the metal. However, it was evident from transmission electron microscope analyses that most of the sequestered Co was bound intracellularly along the cell membrane in both the isolates. Change in morphology was one of the strategies bacteria adopted to counter metal stress. The cells grew larger and thus maintained a lower than normal surface area–volume ratio on exposure to Co to reduce the number of binding sites. An unbalanced growth with increasing Co additions was observed in the isolates. Cells attained a length of 10–18 μm at 10 mM Co which was 11–15 times the original cell length. Extensive cell rupture indicated that Co was harmful at this concentration. It is apparent that biological and optimal requirement of Mn is more than Co. Thus, these differences in the immobilization of the two metals could be driven by the differences in the requirement, cell physiology and the affinities of the isolates for the concentrations of the metals tested.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Directors; NIO, NCAOR and NCCS for support. Special thanks are due to Dr. Rahul Mohan of NCAOR for providing SEM facility. We acknowledge the services of AIIMS, Delhi for TEM analysis. We thank Dr. CT Achuthankutty, Visiting Scientist, NCAOR, for critical evaluation of the manuscript. This work was carried out under the project ‘Tectonic and Oceanic Processes along the Indian Ridge system and Back-Arc Basins’ funded by CSIR/DOD and led by Dr. KA Kamesh Raju. SPP and SOF acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, for the award of ‘Senior Research Fellowship’. The manuscript improved considerably by the critical evaluation of an anonymous reviewer. This is NIO contribution No. 4803 and NCAOR contribution number 030/2010.

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Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India

    Runa Antony

  2. National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    P. P. Sujith, Sheryl Oliveira Fernandes, V. D. Khedekar & P. A. Loka Bharathi

  3. National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411 007, India

    Pankaj Verma

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  1. Runa Antony
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  2. P. P. Sujith
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  3. Sheryl Oliveira Fernandes
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  5. V. D. Khedekar
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  6. P. A. Loka Bharathi
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Correspondence to P. A. Loka Bharathi.

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Antony, R., Sujith, P.P., Fernandes, S.O. et al. Cobalt Immobilization by Manganese Oxidizing Bacteria from the Indian Ridge System. Curr Microbiol 62, 840–849 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-010-9784-1

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Keywords

  • Immobilization
  • Halomonas
  • High Metal Concentration
  • Ferromanganese Nodule
  • Immobilization Rate