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The role of bone cells in immune regulation during the course of infection

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Abstract

Bone homeostasis depends on a balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Bone cells are regulated by a variety of biochemical factors, such as hormones and cytokines, as well as various types of physical stress. The immune system affects bone, since such factors are dysregulated under pathologic conditions, including infection. The bone marrow, one of the primary lymphoid organs, provides a special microenvironment that supports the function and differentiation of immune cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Thus, bone cells contribute to immune regulation by modulating immune cell differentiation and/or function through the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment. Although osteoblasts were first reported as the population that supports HSCs, the role of osteoblast-lineage cells in hematopoiesis has been shown to be more limited than previously expected. Osteoblasts are specifically involved in the differentiation of lymphoid cells under physiological and pathological conditions. It is of critical importance how bone cells are modified during inflammation and/or infection and how such modification affects the immune system.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by a grant for Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases (JP19ek0109379) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Asuka Terashima

  2. Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Hiroshi Takayanagi

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  1. Asuka Terashima
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AT and HT wrote the manuscript. HT also edited it.

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Correspondence to Hiroshi Takayanagi.

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AT declare that she belongs to an endowment department, Department of Osteoimmunology, supported with an unrestricted grant from AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MIKI HOUSE Co., Ltd., and Noevir Co., Ltd.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Osteoimmunology - Guest Editor: Mary Nakamura

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Terashima, A., Takayanagi, H. The role of bone cells in immune regulation during the course of infection. Semin Immunopathol 41, 619–626 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00755-2

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