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Glial regulation of the blood-brain barrier in health and disease

Seminars in Immunopathology volume 37, pages 577–590 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

The brain is the organ with the highest metabolic demand in the body. Therefore, it needs specialized vasculature to provide it with the necessary oxygen and nutrients, while protecting it against pathogens and toxins. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is very tightly regulated by specialized endothelial cells, two basement membranes, and astrocytic endfeet. The proximity of astrocytes to the vessel makes them perfect candidates to influence the function of the BBB. Moreover, other glial cells are also known to contribute to either BBB quiescence or breakdown. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on glial regulation of the BBB during development, in homeostatic conditions in the adult, and during neuroinflammatory responses.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Prat is a senior Scholar of the FRQS. Dr. Broux is a postdoctoral fellow of Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) Flanders. Ms. Gowing is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategic Training Program in Neuroinflammation. The work herein was funded by an operating grant from the MS Society of Canada.

The authors thank Phil Penalosa and Jérémie Lemarbre from Let There Be for their help in preparing the figure for this manuscript.

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Affiliations

  1. Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis Street, Room R9.912, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9

    Bieke Broux, Elizabeth Gowing & Alexandre Prat

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

    Bieke Broux, Elizabeth Gowing & Alexandre Prat

  3. Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium

    Bieke Broux

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  1. Bieke Broux
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  2. Elizabeth Gowing
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  3. Alexandre Prat
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Correspondence to Alexandre Prat.

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This article is a contribution to the Special Issue on : Role of Astrocytes and Microglia in CNS Inflammation - Guest Editor: Francisco Quintana

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Broux, B., Gowing, E. & Prat, A. Glial regulation of the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 37, 577–590 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-015-0516-2

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Keywords

  • Blood-brain barrier
  • Central nervous system
  • Development
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Endothelial cells
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Multiple sclerosis