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Innate immunostimulatory properties of allergens and their relevance to food allergy

Seminars in Immunopathology volume 34, pages 617–632 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disease of immune dysregulation directed to a small subset of proteins. Shared structural and functional features of allergens, such as glycosylation, lipid-binding and protease activity may provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the induction of primary Th2 immune responses. We review the literature of innate Th2-type immune activation as a context for better understanding the properties of allergens that contribute to the induction of Th2-biased immune responses in at least a subset of individuals. Th2-priming signals have been largely identified in the context of parasite immunity and wound healing. Some of the features of parasite antigens and the innate immune responses to them are now understood to play a role in allergic inflammation as well. These include both exogenous and endogenous activators of innate immunity and subsequent release of key cytokine mediators such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33. Moreover, numerous innate immune cells including epithelium, dendritic cells, basophils, innate lymphoid cells and others all interact to shape the adaptive Th2 immune response. Progress toward understanding Th2-inducing innate immune signals more completely may lead to novel strategies for primary prevention and therapy of respiratory and food allergies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Room 8.312, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA

    Bert Ruiter & Wayne G. Shreffler

  2. Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Wayne G. Shreffler

  3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Bert Ruiter & Wayne G. Shreffler

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  1. Bert Ruiter
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  2. Wayne G. Shreffler
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Correspondence to Bert Ruiter.

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This article is published as part of the Special Issue on Food Allergy [34:6].

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Ruiter, B., Shreffler, W.G. Innate immunostimulatory properties of allergens and their relevance to food allergy. Semin Immunopathol 34, 617–632 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-012-0334-8

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Keywords

  • Food allergy
  • Innate
  • Th2
  • Food
  • Respiratory
  • Allergen
  • Parasite
  • Helminth