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Liver architecture, cell function, and disease

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Abstract

The liver is an organ consisting of the largest reticulo-endothelial cell network in the body and playing an important role in host defense against invading microorganisms. The organ is comprised of parenchymal cells and many different types of non-parenchymal cells, all of which play a significant role. Even biliary epithelial cells are not only the target in autoimmune liver diseases but also have central role in orchestrating several immune cells involved in both innate and acquired immunity. Tissue damage caused by various agents results in inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and, eventually, distortion of normal hepatic architecture, cirrhosis, and functional deterioration.

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Abbreviations

AIH:

autoimmune hepatitis

aLMF:

activated liver myofibroblasts

APC:

antigen-presenting cell

BEC:

biliary epithelial cells

cDC:

conventional DC

CLEVER-1:

common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1

CNSDC:

chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis

DAMPs:

damage-associated molecular pattern

DC:

dendritic cells

ENA-78:

epithelial neutrophil chemoattractant-78

GRO:

growth-related oncoprotein

HSCs:

Hepatic stellate cells

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule-1

IFN:

interferon

IL:

interleukin

HCC:

hepatocellular carcinoma

JNK:

jun N-terminal kinase

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

LMNC:

liver-infiltrated mononuclear cells

LSEC:

liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

MBP:

myelin basic protein

MCD:

methionine/choline-deficient

MCP-1:

monocyte chemotactic protein-1

NASH:

non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

NOD:

nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain

PAMPs:

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PBC:

primary biliary cirrhosis

pDC:

plasmatoid DC

PRRs:

pattern-recognition receptors

PSC:

primary sclerosing cholangitis

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TLR:

toll-like receptor

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

VCAM-1:

vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

    Hiromi Ishibashi, Minoru Nakamura, Atsumasa Komori & Kiyoshi Migita

  2. Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

    Shinji Shimoda

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  1. Hiromi Ishibashi
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Correspondence to Hiromi Ishibashi.

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Ishibashi, H., Nakamura, M., Komori, A. et al. Liver architecture, cell function, and disease. Semin Immunopathol 31, 399–409 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-009-0155-6

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