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A new non-dilution rapid desensitization protocol successfully applied to all-grade platinum hypersensitivity

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Abstract

Purpose

Desensitization is a safe alternative for patients with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents and widely used in real practice by employing stepwise administration of multiple serial dilutions of the culprit drugs. However, its labor-intensive nature has required a simpler protocol that is easier to prepare and perform.

Methods

We performed an observational study of patients with platinum HSR who underwent a new non-dilution one-bag desensitization protocol. Premedication consisted of Montelukast as well as H1 and H2 blockers. The outcomes and safety profiles of a new protocol were assessed.

Results

A total of 36 patients were recruited (oxaliplatin 23, carboplatin 9, and cisplatin 4) and the most common grade of HSR presented was grade 2 (61.1%), followed by grade 3 (25%), and grade 1 (13.9%). Of 175 desensitization procedures, all cases were successfully completed in re-administration of culprit chemotherapeutic platinum agents; 146 (83.4%) had no breakthrough reactions (BTRs) while 29 (16.6%) did. Most BTRs were mild reactions (grade 1, 51.7%) or moderate reactions (grade 2, 44.8%) of Brown’s Scale. Although there was one case of asymptomatic mild hypotension (grade 3, 3.5%), categorized as severe reaction, dyspnea, desaturation, and anaphylaxis did not occur. The proportion of severe HSRs was significantly lower than that of initial HSRs (3.5% vs. 25%, P = 0.0167).

Conclusions

The new non-dilution desensitization protocol was safe and effective for re-administration of culprit platinum agents in patients with a history of HSRs. Therefore, this new protocol can be used as an alternative to existing protocols using multiple serial dilutions.

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Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under the curve

BTR:

Breakthrough reaction

HSR:

Hypersensitivity reaction

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Grant from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to the regional pharmacovigilance center in 2017.

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Correspondence to Hye-Ryun Kang.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Chung, S.J., Kang, SY., Kang, RY. et al. A new non-dilution rapid desensitization protocol successfully applied to all-grade platinum hypersensitivity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 82, 777–785 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-018-3662-0

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