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Allianz-Fokussiertes Training

Schulenübergreifender Weg zum Umgang mit Krisen in der therapeutischen Beziehung

Alliance-focused training

Integrative approach to repairing ruptures in the therapeutic alliance

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Zusammenfassung

Spannungen und Krisen in der therapeutischen Beziehung sind häufig. Der gelingende Umgang mit ihnen ist sowohl Voraussetzung der erfolgreichen Therapie als auch ein zentraler Wirkmechanismus. Es fällt Therapeuten häufig schwer, eine Spannung oder Krise rechtzeitig wahrzunehmen und konstruktiv zu nutzen. Dies spricht für den Bedarf an spezifisch hierauf ausgerichteten Trainingsmethoden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den integrativen und handlungsorientierten Ansatz des Allianz-Fokussierten Trainings (AFT) vor, um die therapeutische Allianz durch ein manualisiertes Training zu verbessern. Ein empirisch gestütztes Modell für den gelingenden Umgang mit Spannungen und Krisen sowie zugehörige zentrale therapeutische Prinzipien und Techniken werden dargelegt und an einem Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht. Mithilfe des AFT können 3 bedeutsame therapeutische Skills systematisch schulenübergreifend vermittelt werden: das achtsame nichtwertende Wahrnehmen des Beziehungsgeschehens im Hier und Jetzt, die Fähigkeit, schwierig zu handhabende Gegenübertragungsgefühle zu tolerieren, und die Fähigkeit, mit dem Patienten in einer hilfreichen Art über das Beziehungsgeschehen zu kommunizieren. Das AFT stellt somit eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung und der professionellen Entwicklung von Therapeuten dar.

Abstract

Tensions and ruptures in the therapeutic relationship are frequent. Successful management of these moments is both a prerequisite for successful therapy and a central mechanism of change; however, therapists often find it difficult to detect tension and ruptures in a timely manner and to handle them constructively. This indicates the need for specific training methods. This article presents an integrative and action-oriented approach to improving the therapeutic alliance through a manualized training approach (alliance-focused training, AFT). An empirically supported model for a successful management of ruptures and associated therapeutic principles and techniques is presented and illustrated by a case study. Using AFT, three important therapeutic skills can be systematically trained across different psychotherapeutic approaches: mindful, non-judgmental perception of a therapeutic relationship in the here and now, the ability to tolerate difficult countertransference feelings and the ability to communicate about the relationship in a helpful way. The AFT is thus a promising option for improving psychotherapeutic training and the professional development of the therapist.

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Correspondence to Antje Gumz.

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Interessenkonflikt

A. Gumz, K. Rugenstein und T. Munder geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Manfred Cierpka, Heidelberg

Bernhard Strauß, Jena

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Gumz, A., Rugenstein, K. & Munder, T. Allianz-Fokussiertes Training. Psychotherapeut 63, 55–61 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-017-0227-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-017-0227-3

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