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Selbsthilfe in der Behandlung von Essstörungen

Self-help in treatment of eating disorders

  • Schwerpunkt: Psychotherapie bei Essstörungen: Neue Forschungsergebnisse - Übersichten
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Manualisierte Selbsthilfeprogramme zur Behandlung von Essstörungen sind immer wieder Gegenstand der Forschung und eine wachsende Zahl von Befunden aus klinischen Studien liefert Hinweise auf ihre Wirksamkeit. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es einen differenzierten Überblick über diese Befunde zu geben. Während für Anorexia nervosa Selbsthilfe bislang nur als Teil eines umfassenderen Gesamtbehandlungsprogramms untersucht wurde, kommt sie für Bulimia nervosa, Binge-Eating-Störung und subklinische Essstörungen auch als eigenständige Behandlungsform infrage. Die Befunde zur Wirksamkeit sind allerdings heterogen und sowohl Merkmale der Interventionen (insbesondere der Umfang der Anleitung) als auch solche der Patienten (Motivation, Selbstregulation und Schwere der Erkrankung) beeinflussen sowohl die Adhärenz als auch die Wirksamkeit. Bei der Anwendung manualisierter Selbsthilfe in der Praxis erscheinen deshalb die sorgfältige Indikationsstellung und die regelmäßige Prüfung des Behandlungsfortschrittes notwendig.

Abstract

There is a growing body of research on manualized self-help interventions for eating disorders and the results of clinical trials support their efficacy and effectiveness. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current research findings. In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, self-help has so far only been studied within a comprehensive multistep treatment approach. For bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and subthreshold eating disorders, self-help has also been evaluated as a stand-alone treatment; however, results from the studies are heterogeneous and both intervention characteristics (e. g. the amount of guidance) and participant characteristics (e.g. motivation, self-regulation and symptom severity) affect adherence and intervention outcomes. Thus, while self-help interventions have a place in the treatment of eating disorders, the indications need to be carefully considered and progress needs to be closely monitored.

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Notes

  1. An Studien zur Behandlung von Essstörungen nehmen in überwiegender Mehrheit Frauen teil, deshalb wird im Folgenden die weibliche Form verwendet, auch wenn an einzelnen Studien einzelne betroffene Männer teilgenommen haben.

  2. Durchsucht wurden PubMed, PsychInfo, PsychArticles und Web of Knowledge mit den Suchbegriffen: „self-help AND eating disorder“, „self-help AND binge eating“,„self-help AND bulimia nervosa“; „Internet AND eating disorder“, „Internet AND binge eating“, „Internet AND bulimia nervosa“, „CD-ROM AND eating disorder“, „CD-ROM AND binge eating“, „CD-ROM AND bulimia nervosa“.

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  1. Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Deutschland

    Ina Beintner & Corinna Jacobi

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Beintner, I., Jacobi, C. Selbsthilfe in der Behandlung von Essstörungen. Psychotherapeut 62, 183–193 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-017-0189-5

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