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Psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei suizidalen Jugendlichen

Psychotherapeutic interventions for suicidal adolescents

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Suizidales Verhalten erreicht einen ersten Häufigkeitsgipfel in der Adoleszenz. Etwa ein Drittel der Jugendlichen berichtet über Suizidgedanken, zwischen 6 und 8 % von Suizidversuchen in der Vergangenheit.

Material und Methode

Es wurde ein systematisches Review der Literatur der letzten 10 Jahre zur psychotherapeutischen Behandlung suizidalen Verhaltens bei Jugendlichen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Von 514 gefundenen Arbeiten erfüllten 23 Originalarbeiten die Einschlusskriterien (englisch- oder deutschsprachig, Behandlung von mehr als einer Person, Patienten bis zum 18. Lebensjahr). Die Arbeiten beschreiben psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei insgesamt 2582 Individuen. Vor allem verhaltenstherapeutische Maßnahmen und Maßnahmen mit dem Fokus auf Familieninterventionen finden sich in der Literatur.

Schlussfolgerung

Interventionen im Bereich suizidalen Verhaltens bei Jugendlichen sind effektiv, allerdings sind die Effekte häufig unspezifisch. Gute Effekte im Sinne der Reduktion suizidalen Verhaltens wurden v. a. für Interventionen berichtet, bei denen Familienmitglieder der suizidalen Jugendlichen einbezogen werden konnten. Dementsprechend erscheint die Involvierung von Familienmitgliedern bei Interventionen mit suizidalen Jugendlichen klinisch sinnvoll.

Abstract

Background

Suicidal behavior first peaks in adolescence. Approximately one third of adolescents have experienced suicidal ideation with 6–8 % suicide attempts during their lifetime.

Material and method

A systematic review of the scientific literature published within the last 10 years on the psychotherapeutic treatment of suicidal behavior in adolescents was carried out.

Results

Out of 514 screened manuscripts 23 articles on original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (published in English or German language, treatment of more than one person and patients up to 18 years of age). The studies described psychotherapeutic interventions in 2,582 individuals. Cognitive behavioral interventions as well as interventions focusing on the families of adolescents were primarily represented in the literature.

Conclusion

Interventions to reduce suicidal behavior in adolescents are effective; however the effects are often not specific for the type of intervention selected. Good effects in terms of reduction in suicidal behavior were reported for interventions with family members, therefore suggesting that including family members in interventions for suicidal adolescents seems to be clinically meaningful.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. Nestor D. Kapusta hat keine Interessenskonflikte in Bezug auf die vorliegende Publikation. In den vergangenen 5 Jahren erhielt er Förderung durch: das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Hauptverband der Sozialversicherungsträger, FWF, ÖGPP, EPA sowie Lundbeck pharmaceuticals. Jörg M. Fegert (Arbeitsgruppenleiter): erklärt keine Konflikte in Bezug auf dieses Manuskript. Er hatte in den letzten 5 Jahren Forschungsförderung von EU, DFG, BMG, BMBF, BMFSFJ, Ländersozial-ministerien, Landesstiftung BaWü, Volkswagenstiftung, Europäische Akademie, Päpstliche Universität Gregoriana, RAZ, CJD, Eli Lilly research foundation, Janssen Cilag (J&J), Medice, Celltech/UCB; Reisebeihilfen, Vortragshonorare, Veranstaltungs- und Ausbildungs-Sponsoring von DFG, AACAP, NIMH/NIH, EU, Vatikan, Goethe Institut, Pro Helvetia, Astra, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-MS, Celltech/UCB, Janssen-Cilag (J&J), Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Pfitzer, Ratiopharm, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Shire, VfA, Generikaverband, andere Fachverbände und Universitäten sowie Ministerien; keine industriegesponserten Vortragsreihen, „speakers bureau“; Klinische Prüfungen und Beratertätigkeit für Janssen Cilag, Medice, Lilly, Astra, BMS, B;BF, ADIR, Hoffmann-La Roche; Mitgliedschaft in Steuerungsgremien und/oder wissenschaftlichen Beiräten der Firmen (international:) Pfitzer (DSMB), J & J, Lundbeck, Servier, (national:) Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Celltech/UCB; Jährliche Erklärung zu conflicts of interest gegenüber dem BfArM, DGKJP und AACAP wegen Kommissionsmitgliedschaft; Kein Aktienbesitz, keine Beteiligungen an Pharmafirmen, Mehrheitseigner 3Li. Christian Haring hat keine Interessenkonflikte in Bezug auf die vorliegende Publikation. Paul L. Plener benennt keine Interessenkonflikte in Bezug auf die vorliegende Publikation. In den vergangenen 5 Jahren erhielt er Förderung durch: das BfArM, das BMBF, das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden Württemberg, die Stiftung für ambulante Kinder. und Jugendpsychiatrie, den DAAD, die IACAPAP, sowie Lundbeck pharmaceuticals. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinik für Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Nestor D. Kapusta

  2. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 5, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland

    Jörg M. Fegert &  Paul L. Plener

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Landeskrankenhaus Hall, Hall, Österreich

    Christian Haring

Authors
  1. Nestor D. Kapusta
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  2. Jörg M. Fegert
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  3. Christian Haring
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  4. Paul L. Plener
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Correspondence to Paul L. Plener.

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Kapusta, N., Fegert, J., Haring, C. et al. Psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei suizidalen Jugendlichen. Psychotherapeut 59, 16–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-013-1027-z

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