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Clinical factors associated with autologous stem cell transplantation outcomes in multiple myeloma: upfront transplant with MEL200 remains the standard of care

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Abstract

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the mainstay of the treatment in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the potential prognostic markers which may modify transplant course in a total of 256 ASCT recipients [median age: 58 (30–74) years; male/female: 138/118], including pretransplant (PET0) and day + 60 (PET2) PET/CT assessments and comparative analysis of melphalan (Mel) dose. Better responses with significantly higher complete response/very good partial response rates were achieved in patients who proceeded to transplant within 301 days from diagnosis (p < 0.001). Patients who had received < 1.5 lines of treatment prior to transplant had significantly higher probability of overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). The probability of OS was significantly higher in patients with low Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score (PS = 0–1) (p = 0.003) and HCT-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI = 0) (p = 0.011). The number of involved areas (p = 0.028) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (p = 0.021) in PET0 represented significant impact on OS. The probabilities of OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.01) were significantly better with Mel200 mg/m2 conditioning compared to Mel140 mg/m2. Conditioning with Mel200 mg/m2, early and upfront ASCT and low pretransplant treatment burden were found to be significantly associated with ASCT outcome in MM patients. Despite its predictor impact on survival and prognosis, further studies are warranted to standardize PET/CT-based response assessments before being used as a guide for treatment decisions in clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Başak Bostankolu Değirmenci, Zeynep Arzu Yegin, Zübeyde Nur Özkurt & Münci Yağcı

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ümit Özgür Akdemir & Lütfiye Özlem Atay

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ali Dede & Gonca Gül Gündem

Authors
  1. Başak Bostankolu Değirmenci
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  2. Zeynep Arzu Yegin
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  3. Ümit Özgür Akdemir
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  4. Ali Dede
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  5. Gonca Gül Gündem
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  6. Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
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  7. Lütfiye Özlem Atay
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  8. Münci Yağcı
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by BBD, ZAY, AD, GGG, ÜÖA, ZNÖ, LÖA, and MY. Data analysis was performed by ZAY. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BBD and ZAY. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zeynep Arzu Yegin.

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Ethical approval and consent to participate

This retrospective study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The institutional review board of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine approved this study. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Bostankolu Değirmenci, B., Yegin, Z.A., Akdemir, Ü.Ö. et al. Clinical factors associated with autologous stem cell transplantation outcomes in multiple myeloma: upfront transplant with MEL200 remains the standard of care. Ann Hematol 103, 269–283 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05511-z

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