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MicroRNAs: pivotal regulators in acute myeloid leukemia

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Abstract

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are 19–22 nucleotides in length and regulate a variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNA dysregulation disrupts normal biological processes, resulting in tumorigenesis. Acute myeloid leukemia is an invasive hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of immature myeloid cells. Due to the low 5-year survival rate, there is an urgent need to discover novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in hematological malignancies by acting as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. MicroRNAs have the potential to be a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In this review, we summarize the biology of microRNAs and discuss the relationships between microRNA dysregulation and acute myeloid leukemia in the following aspects: signaling pathways, the abnormal biological behavior of acute myeloid leukemia cells, the clinical application of microRNAs and competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks.

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Abbreviations

ALL:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

APL:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

AUC:

Area under curve

B-ALL:

B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia

BM:

Bone marrow

CA-AL:

Cytogenetically abnormal acute leukemia

ceRNA:

Competing endogenous RNA

circRNAs:

Circular RNAs

CLL:

Chronic lymphoid leukemia

CN-AML:

Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

CR:

Complete remission

DFS:

Disease-free survival

EFS:

Event-free survival

HOXA:

The homeobox transcription factor

HSPC:

The hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell

LFS:

Leukemia-free survival

LncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

LSCs:

Leukemia stem cells

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MLL:

Mixed lineage leukemia

OS:

Overall survival

Pri-miRNAs:

Primary miRNA transcripts

PMNCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

RR:

Recurrence rate

T-ALL:

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2017MH042).

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  1. Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Mingyu Li & Hongzai Guan

  2. Department of Inspection, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xianglun Cui

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  1. Mingyu Li
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HZG provided direction and guidance throughout the preparation of this manuscript. MYL drafted the manuscript. HZG and XLC reviewed and made significant revisions to the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Li, M., Cui, X. & Guan, H. MicroRNAs: pivotal regulators in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 99, 399–412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-019-03887-5

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