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Fetal hemoglobin chemical inducers for treatment of hemoglobinopathies

Annals of Hematology volume 88, pages 505–528 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

The switch from fetal (Gγ and Aγ) to adult (β and δ) globin gene expression occurs at birth, leading to the gradual replacement of HbF with HbA. Genetic regulation of this switch has been studied for decades, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental change in gene expression have been in part elucidated. The understanding of the developmental regulation of γ-globin gene expression was paralleled by the identification of a series of chemical compounds able to reactivate HbF synthesis in vitro and in vivo in adult erythroid cells. Reactivation of HbF expression is an important therapeutic option in patients with hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. These HbF inducers can be grouped in several classes based on their chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Clinical studies with some of these agents have shown that they were effective, in a part of patients, in ameliorating the clinical condition. The increase in HbF in response to these drugs varies among patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease due to individual genetic determinants.

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  1. Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Ugo Testa

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Testa, U. Fetal hemoglobin chemical inducers for treatment of hemoglobinopathies. Ann Hematol 88, 505–528 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-008-0637-y

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Keywords

  • Hemoglobin
  • Thalassemia
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Anemia