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Positional relationships of the origin and course of zygomaticus major with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus for aesthetic treatments and surgeries

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to characterize the origin and course of the zygomaticus major muscle (Zmj) with its topographic relationships with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus.

Methods

The Zmj was examined in 50 specimens of 25 embalmed adult Korean cadavers. Facial muscles were dissected to expose the origin and course of the Zmj in 48 specimens of 24 cadavers. The 25th cadaver was sectioned to obtain images of the Zmj.

Results

The positional relationships of the Zmj origin with the nasal ala and the tragus were classified into three categories. A horizontal line through the center of the Zmj origin and the nasal ala passed through the tragus in 20 of 48 specimens (41.7%), the intertragic notch in 18 specimens (37.5%), and above the tragus in 10 specimens (20.8%). In a horizontal section of the head, the Zmj origin was located near the level of the nasal ala and tragus. In a coronal section of the head, the fibers of the Zmj arising at its origin were located close to the zygomatic bone, lateral to the zygomaticus minor muscle.

Conclusion

By combining dissection with the analysis of sectioned images and ultrasound images of the Zmj, this study has yielded positional information for easily predicting the location of the origin and the course of the Zmj and its related structures underlying the skin.

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Data availability

The data that support the fndings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Mi-Sun Hur, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind’s overall knowledge, which can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude [4].

Funding

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No.2020R1C1C1003237). This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1F1A1063044).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea

    Hyun Jin Park & Mi-Sun Hur

  2. Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea

    Jin Seo Park

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

    Joe Iwanaga

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Joe Iwanaga & R. Shane Tubbs

  5. Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Joe Iwanaga & R. Shane Tubbs

  6. Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

    Joe Iwanaga

  7. Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

    Joe Iwanaga

  8. Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Joe Iwanaga & R. Shane Tubbs

  9. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, West Indies, Grenada

    R. Shane Tubbs

  10. Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    R. Shane Tubbs

  11. Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA

    R. Shane Tubbs

  12. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    R. Shane Tubbs

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  1. Hyun Jin Park
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  2. Jin Seo Park
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  3. Joe Iwanaga
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  4. R. Shane Tubbs
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  5. Mi-Sun Hur
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Contributions

HJP and MSH: project development, data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing, and manuscript editing; JSP: manuscript writing, manuscript editing; JI: manuscript writing and manuscript editing; RST: manuscript writing and manuscript editing; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mi-Sun Hur.

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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Park, H.J., Park, J.S., Iwanaga, J. et al. Positional relationships of the origin and course of zygomaticus major with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus for aesthetic treatments and surgeries. Surg Radiol Anat 46, 27–32 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03271-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03271-z

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