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Structural and CBCT analysis of mandibular canal microvessels expressing neurotransmitters in human cadavers

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Abstract

Purpose

This study focused on the detailed structure of microvessels of the neurotransmitter-positive vasa nervorum of the inferior alveolar nerve, vein, and artery in the mandibular canal (MC) to obtain information for improved safety in dental treatments. We also observed the detailed structure of the MC from the mental foramen to the mandibular foramen using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

In this study, mandibles from 45 sides of 23 human cadavers aged 76–104 years were examined by microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and CBCT analysis. These data were further evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA).

Results

The microvessels of the vasa nervorum with calcitonin gene-related peptide- and neuropeptide Y-positive reactions were classified into 5 types: large (4.19%, 28/667); irregular large (7.35%, 49/667), numerous intermediate (29.23%, 195/667), irregular intermediate (29.23%, 195/667), and scattered fine (30.0%, 200/667) microvessels. The MC showed various structures from the 3rd molar to the premolars and was also classified into three types, including complete (57.0%, 228/400), partial (33.8%, 135/400), and unclear (9.2%, 37/400), from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen. PCA results revealed that developed capillaries were mainly localized in the molar region.

Conclusions

Fine microvessels of the vasa nervorum expressing neurotransmitters are present from the molar to premolar region, which is key information for mandibular dental treatments. The different microvessel structures also indicate differences in specific characteristics between dentulous and edentulous cadavers regarding oral surgical and implant treatments.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. The results from such research can potentially increase mankind’s overall knowledge, which can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude. The authors also thank Dr R. Asaumi (Nippon Dental University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology) for providing CBCT data for this study.

Funding

The authors declared that this study had received no financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan

    Masachika Takiguchi, Iwao Sato, Yoko Ueda, Shinichi Kawata, Yutaro Natsuyama, Tomiko Yakura, Zhong-Lian Li & Masahiro Itoh

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  1. Masachika Takiguchi
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  2. Iwao Sato
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  3. Yoko Ueda
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  7. Zhong-Lian Li
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Contributions

MT was responsible for protocol, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript writing/editing. IS was responsible for protocol, data analysis, and manuscript writing/editing. YU and SK were involved in data collection and data analysis. YN contributed to data analysis. TY and Z-LL contributed to data analysis and manuscript editing. MI performed supervision and manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iwao Sato.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study was performed in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The cadavers used in the present study were donated to Tokyo Medical University and Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, based on the Act on Body Donation for Medical and Dental Education. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Nippon Dental University (2018/21/July; No. NDU-T2015-20) and Tokyo Medical University, Institutional Review Board (2019/01/March; TMU, No. T2018-0060).

Informed consent

All the donors willingly signed a consent form for body donation for education and research, and all the donors could revoke their intended donations at any time without any disadvantages. The collection and use of the CBCT data of all the cadavers was carried out with the permission of the donors and their families and then performed according to the Law Concerning Cadaver Dissection and Preservation enacted in Japan in 1949.

Consent to participate

The present study was conducted within the parameters of the written permission we received from the body donors during their lifetime.

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All the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Takiguchi, M., Sato, I., Ueda, Y. et al. Structural and CBCT analysis of mandibular canal microvessels expressing neurotransmitters in human cadavers. Surg Radiol Anat 45, 975–987 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03184-x

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