Abstract
Purpose
In all educational materials, the foot cannot be peeled from skin to the bone at constant intervals, like as real dissection. The aim of this study was to produce the peeled images which the foot structures can be peeled gradually along a skin-curved surface in real color, like a real dissection. In addition, the sectioned images of typical and atypical planes are presented in real color and high resolution.
Methods
From the sectioned images of real color, foot volume models were made using Photoshop, Matlab, and MRIcroGL. Peeled images and sectioned images of the typical planes were produced from the volume models. All images were placed into the browsing software. An atypical plane could be shown in a real-time using the volume models of the foot.
Results
Using the peeled images, in which the foot can be rotated at 5-degree intervals and stripped gradually at 0–30 mm depth, the foot anatomy could be learned precisely and efficiently. The sectional anatomy of the foot for radiology and orthopedic surgery could also be learned easily using the sectioned images of typical (horizontal, coronal, and sagittal) and atypical planes.
Conclusion
The most significant merit of the volume models is that all outcomes can be displayed with proper colors of the body structures on any plane. By virtue of these merits, the volume models are useful for learning medical education, research, and clinical practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams SB, Dekker TJ, Schiff AP, Gross CP, Nunley JA, Easley ME (2018) Prospective evaluation of structural allograft transplantation for osteochondral lesions of the talar shoulder. Foot Ankle Int 39:28–34
Cho Z-H (2009) 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas: in-vivo Atlas with cryomacrotome correlation, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54398-2
Chung BS, Han M, Har D, Park JS (2019) Advanced sectioned images of a cadaver head with voxel size of 0.04 mm. J Korean Med Sci 34:e218. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e218
Chung BS, Jeon CY, Huh JW, Jeong KJ, Har D, Kwack KS, Park JS (2019) Rise of the visible monkey: sectioned images of rhesus monkey. J Korean Med Sci 34:e66. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e66
Chung BS, Park JS (2019) Real-color volume models made from real-color sectioned images of Visible Korean. J Korean Med Sci 34:e86. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e86
Drake RL (2011) Terminologia anatomica: international anatomical terminology by FIPAT, 2nd edn. Thieme, Stuttgart
Ellis H, Logan BM, Dixon AK, Ellis HHC-SA (2007) Human sectional anatomy: atlas of body sections, CT and MRI images, 3rd edn. Hodder-Arnold, London
Golano P, Vega J, de Leeuw PA, Malagelada F, Manzanares MC, Gotzens V, van Dijk CN (2016) Anatomy of the ankle ligaments: a pictorial essay. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 24:944–956
Gv H (1991) The Visible human body: an atlas of sectional anatomy. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
James HK, Chapman AWP, Dhukaram V, Wellings R, Abrahams P (2019) Learning anatomy of the foot and ankle using sagittal plastinates: a prospective randomized educational trial. Foot (Edinburgh) 38:34–38
Kumar A, Mishra P, Tandon A, Arora R, Chadha M (2018) Effect of CT on management plan in malleolar ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Int 39:59–66
Kwon K, Chung MS, Park JS, Shin BS, Chung BS (2017) Improved software to browse the serial medical images for learning. J Korean Med Sci 32:1195–1201. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1195
Park HS, Choi DH, Park JS (2015) Improved sectioned images and surface models of the whole female body. Int J Morphol 33:1323–1332
Park HS, Shin DS, Cho DH, Jung YW, Park JS (2014) Improved sectioned images and surface models of the whole dog body. Ann Anat 196:352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2014.05.036
Park JS (2018) Cross-sectional atlas of the human head: with 0.1-mm pixel size color images. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0770-5
Park JS, Chung MS, Hwang SB, Lee YS, Har DH, Park HS (2005) Visible Korean human: improved serially sectioned images of the entire body. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24:352–360
Park JS, Chung MS, Shin DS, Har DH, Cho ZH, Kim YB, Han JY, Chi JG (2009) Sectioned images of the cadaver head including the brain and correspondences with ultrahigh field 7.0 T MRIs. Proc IEEE 97:1988–1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2025524
Park JS, Jung YW, Choi HD, Lee AK (2018) VK-phantom male with 583 structures and female with 459 structures, based on the sectioned images of a male and a female, for computational dosimetry. J Radiat Res 59:338–380
Zirinsky K, Markisz JA (1992) Cross-sectional abdominal anatomy : CT, MRI, and ultrasound: a programmed atlas. Igaku-Shoin, New York
Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the International Cooperative R&D program (Grant number: N0002249).
Funding
This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the International Cooperative R&D program (Grant number: N0002249).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JSP: protocol/project development, data collection or management, manuscript writing/editing. YWJ: data analysis.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, J.S., Jung, Y.W. Peeled images and sectioned images from real-color volume models of foot. Surg Radiol Anat 43, 37–43 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02534-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02534-3