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Anatomical variations in the insertion of the peroneus longus tendon

  • Anatomic Variations
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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to inspect anatomical variations in the insertion of the peroneus longus tendon (PLT) using a large sample of cadavers.

Methods

In total, 104 legs from 52 Japanese cadavers were used. The PLT was identified behind the lateral malleolus and carefully followed up to its insertion in the foot. All insertion slips of the PLT were located and documented.

Results

Mainly, the PLT was inserted to the base of the first metatarsal (1MT) in all 104 ft. Attachment to the medial cuneiform was present in 20.2%, and the first dorsal interossei was present in 36.5%. The anterior frenular ligament was observed in 31.7%, and attachment to the flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digiti minimi was present in 31.7%. The posterior frenular ligament was observed in 5.8%. An additional band was observed in 3.9%, and the adductor hallucis consisting of a caput obliquum was present in 3.9%. No statistically significant differences in the PLT were observed between genders or laterality (right vs. left).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the main function of the PLT is resisting the varus force on the 1MT; however, as the PLT has various attachment sites, it may also be involved in the stabilizing action of the longitudinal and transverse arches. Therefore, these variations and functions appear to be associated with a difficult diagnosis at the first clinical evaluation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge and thank those anonymous individuals who generously donated their bodies, which enabled this study to be performed. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (19K11358) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Commissioned by the Japan Sports Agency (Female Athletes Development and Support Projects 2020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimami-cho 1398, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan

    Mutsuaki Edama, Tomoya Takabayashi, Ryo Hirabayashi, Hirotake Yokota, Takuma Inai, Chie Sekine, Kanta Matsuzawa, Tomofumi Otsuki & Sae Maruyama

  2. Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan

    Mutsuaki Edama & Ikuo Kageyama

Authors
  1. Mutsuaki Edama
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  2. Tomoya Takabayashi
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  3. Ryo Hirabayashi
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  4. Hirotake Yokota
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  5. Takuma Inai
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  6. Chie Sekine
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  7. Kanta Matsuzawa
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  8. Tomofumi Otsuki
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  9. Sae Maruyama
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  10. Ikuo Kageyama
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Contributions

ME and TT contributed to the study design and data collection, and drafted the manuscript; RH, HY, and TI contributed to the data analysis and made critical revisions to the manuscript; CS, KM, TO, and SM made critical revisions to the manuscript; IK supervised the study, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data, and made critical revisions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript prior to submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mutsuaki Edama.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All methods were carried out in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and all cadavers were legally donated for research purposes to the Nippon Dental University of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Japan.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from the families of all subjects.

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Edama, M., Takabayashi, T., Hirabayashi, R. et al. Anatomical variations in the insertion of the peroneus longus tendon. Surg Radiol Anat 42, 1141–1144 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02528-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02528-1

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