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Determination of presence and morphometry of lingual foramina and canals in Chilean mandibles using cone-beam CT images

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Abstract

Purpose

To describe the presence and anatomical characteristics of lingual foramina and canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of Chilean dry mandibles.

Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography images of 68 adult mandibles of indeterminate sex and age were analyzed. The description of number and position of lingual foramina were tabulated using a position regarding the mental spines (superior, between, and inferior to the mental spines). Area and diameter of the foramina and length of the canals found were measured.

Results

All the mandibles had one or more lingual foramen. The median was 3 foramina with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 4. The most frequent positions were superior and inferior with 88% and 85% of presence, respectively. The lingual canal diameter obtained for the superior position was 1.04 ± 0.38 mm, for the between position was 1.02 ± 0.5 mm, and finally 1 ± 0.3 mm for the inferior position. The lingual canal length for the superior position was 6.38 ± 2.4 mm, for the between position 6.77 ± 1.33, and 5.38 ± 0.25 mm for the inferior position.

Conclusions

All the mandibles have one or more lingual foramina. The most frequent positions were superior and inferior. Many of the lingual foramina found were over 1 mm in diameter. The lingual canal length was over 5 mm for all the positions.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Human Anatomy of Universidad de los Andes, Chile. This support was in term of infrastructure and bone material, and no grants were used in the preparation of this publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Morphology Unit, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, 7620001, Santiago, Chile

    Reinaldo Soto & Felipe Cáceres

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

    Guillermo Concha

  3. Private Practice, Santiago, Chile

    Sebastián Pardo

Authors
  1. Reinaldo Soto
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  2. Guillermo Concha
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  3. Sebastián Pardo
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  4. Felipe Cáceres
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Contributions

RS: project and protocol development, data collection (selection of mandibles), and final review of the manuscript. GC: data collection (obtain de CBCT), data analysis (guidance to the development of this duty), and final review of the manuscript. SP: data collection (identification of foramina, classification, and measurement of the length of them) and final review of the manuscript. FC: data collection (measurement of diameters and areas), data analysis, manuscript writing, and final review of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Felipe Cáceres.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Anyway, the ethical committee of Universidad de los Andes, Chile approved this work in terms of the correct manipulation and respect of the human bone material.

Informed consent

For this kind of study, formal consent is not required.

Conflict of interest

Reinaldo Soto declares that he has no conflict of interest. Guillermo Concha declares that he has no conflict of interest. Sebastián Pardo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Finally, Felipe Cáceres declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Soto, R., Concha, G., Pardo, S. et al. Determination of presence and morphometry of lingual foramina and canals in Chilean mandibles using cone-beam CT images. Surg Radiol Anat 40, 1405–1410 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2080-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-018-2080-7

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