Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of fibular muscles and prevalence of accessory fibular muscles on fetal cadavers

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine clinical importance and morphology of the fibularis longus, brevis, tertius muscles (presented as fibular muscles in this study), and prevalence of accessory fibular muscles (AFM) on fetal cadavers.

Materials and methods

In this study, 200 limbs from 100 embalmed fetuses (54 male and 46 female) were studied. Morphology of fibular muscles and the presence of AFM were observed through dissection on fetal legs bilaterally. The absence of fibularis tertius muscle (FT) and the presence of AFM were identified. Length and length of the tendon of AFM were measured. Insertion of AFM was also identified.

Results

Mean values and standard deviations of all parameters according to trimesters were calculated. All parameters were increased with age during the fetal period. We determined the absence of FT; no FT was observed in 40 legs of 200 extremities (20%). The AFM was present in 7 of 200 specimens (3.5%). AFM muscles were classified into two types according to their site of origin.

Conclusion

The present study has revealed the morphology of the fibular muscles and prevalence of the presence of AFM on fetal cadavers. In addition, it has revealed the morphometric development and prevalence of the absence of FT in a large series, and their clinical importance was discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Athavale SA, Gupta V, Kotgirwar S, Singh V (2012) The peroneus quartus muscle: clinical correlation with evolutionary importance. Anat Sci Int 87:106–110. doi:10.1007/s12565-011-0129-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bilgili MG, Kaynak G, Botanlioğlu H, Basaran SH, Ercin E, Baca E, Uzun I (2014) Peroneus quartus: prevalance and clinical importance. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:481–487. doi:10.1007/s00402-014-1937-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Borne J, Fantino O, Besse JL, Clouet P, Tran Minh V (2002) Aspect IRM des variantes anatomiques des muscles, tendons et ligaments de la cheville. J Radiol 83:27–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chaney DM, Lee Khan MA, Krueger WA, Mandracchia VJ, Yoho RM (1996) Study of ten anatomical variants of the foot and ankle. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 86:532–537. doi:10.7547/87507315-86-11-532

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chepuri NB, Jacobson JA, Fessell DP, Hayes CW (2001) Sonographic appearance of the peroneus quartus muscle: correlation with MR imaging appearance in seven patients. Radiology 218:415–419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Clarkson MJ, Fox JN, Atsas S, Daney BT, Dodson SC, Lambert HW (2013) Clinical implications of novel variants of the fibularis (peroneus) quartus muscle inserting onto the cuboid bone: peroneocuboideus and peroneocalcaneocuboideus. J Foot Ankle Surg 52:118–121. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2012.10.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Demir BT, Gümüşalan Y, Üzel M, Çevik HB (2015) The variations of peroneus digiti quinti muscle and its contribution to the extension of the fifth toe: a cadaveric study. Saudi Med J 36:1285–1289. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.11.12657

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Joshi SD, Joshi SS, Athavale SA (2006) Morphology of peroneus tertius muscle. Clin Anat 19:611–614. doi:10.1002/ca.20243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kelikian AS (2011) Sarrafian’s anatomy of the foot and ankle: descriptive, topographic, functional. Myology, 3rd edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 240–241

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kim DH, Berkowitz MJ (2006) Congenital variation of the peroneus longus and brevis muscle-tendon units in association with peroneus quartus: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 27:847–848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Martinelli B, Bernobi S (2002) Peroneus quartus muscle and ankle pain. J Foot Ankle Surg 8:223–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nascimento SRR, Costa RW, Ruiz CR, Wafae N (2012) Analysis on the incidence of the fibularis quartus muscle using magnetic resonance imaging. Anat Res Int 2012:485149. doi:10.1155/2012/485149

    Google Scholar 

  13. Patil V, Frisch NC, Ebraheim NA (2007) Anatomical variations in the insertion of the peroneus (fibularis) longus tendon. Foot Ankle Int 28:1179–1182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Prakash Narayanswamy C, Singh DK, Rajini T, Venkatiah J, Singh G (2011) Anatomical variations of peroneal muscles: a cadaver study in an Indian population and a review of the literature. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101:505–508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rosenberg ZS, Beltran J, Cheung YY, Colon E, Herraiz F (1997) MR features of longitudinal tears of the peroneus brevis tendon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168:141–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rourke K, Dafydd H, Parkin IG (2007) Fibularis tertius: revisiting the anatomy. Clin Anat 20:946–949. doi:10.1002/ca.20500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Saupe N, Mengiardi B, Pfirrmann CW, Vienne P, Seifert B, Zanetti M (2007) Anatomic variants associated with peroneal tendon disorders: MR imaging findings in volunteers with asymptomatic ankles. Radiology 242:509–517

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Snell RS (2004) Clinical anatomy, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p 976

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sobel M, Geppert MJ, Olson EJ, Bohne WHO, Arnoczky SP (1992) The dynamics of peroneus brevis tendon splits: a proposed mechanism, technique of diagnosis and classification of injury. Foot Ankle 13:413–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Standring S (2005) Gray’s anatomy, 39th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 1600

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sulak O, Ozguner G, Malas MA (2011) Size and location of the kidneys during the fetal period. Surg Radiol Anat 33:381–388. doi:10.1007/s00276-010-0749-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Testut L (1884) Les anomalies musculaires chez l’Homme, leur importance en anthropologie. In: Masson G (ed) Muscles péroniers latéraux surnuméraires. Masson, Paris, pp 744–758

  23. Thevenon A, Serafi R, Fontaine C, Grauwin MY, Buisset N, Tiffreau V (2013) An unusual cause of foot clonus: spasticity of fibularis longus muscle. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 56:482–488. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2013.04.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tubbs RS, May WR, Shoja MM, Loukas M, Salter EG, Oakes WJ (2008) Peroneotalocalcaneus muscle. Anat Sci Int 83:280–282. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Witvrouw E, Borre KV, Willems TM, Huysmans J, Broos E, De Clercq D (2006) The significance of peroneus tertius muscle in ankle injuries: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 34:1159–1163. doi:10.1177/0363546505286021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wood J (1868) Variations in human myology observed during the winter session of 1867–1868 at King’s College London. Proc R Soc Lond 16:483–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yammine K (2015) The accessory peroneal (fibular) muscles: peroneus quartus and peroneus digiti quinti. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Radiol Anat 37:617–627. doi:10.1007/s00276-015-1438-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zammit J, Singh D (2003) The peroneus quartus muscle anatomy and clinical relevance. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85:1134–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We declare that study design, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript preparation of the study were carried out by the authors. We thank families of fetuses for their contributions to this work. This study was supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Suleyman Demirel University. Grant Number: 4309-D2-15.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey

    Soner Albay & Busra Candan

Authors
  1. Soner Albay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Busra Candan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soner Albay.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest with the organization that sponsored this research.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Albay, S., Candan, B. Evaluation of fibular muscles and prevalence of accessory fibular muscles on fetal cadavers. Surg Radiol Anat 39, 1337–1341 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1887-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1887-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation