Abstract
Variations of the skull base foramina are quite common and often cause surgical confusion during surgical intervention of the region. The unusual foramen was observed in five (0.98%) adult skulls of black South Africans obtained from the Raymond A Dart collection of human specimens housed in the School of Anatomical Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand. Three of the five specimens were females while the remaining two were males. In four of the five skulls, the unusual foramen was located anterolateral to the foramen rotundum both on the left and right sides. In the fifth specimen, the foramen was located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum on the left half of the middle cranial fossa. On radiographs, two specimens with unusual foramen on the right showed that the foramen opened into a canal directed inferomedially towards the pterygopalatine fossa. In the remaining three specimens, the canals were blind and shallow. This information is vital during interpretation of CT scans at the base of the skull, as any less well-known foramen may be mistaken for abnormalities leading to surgical complications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bochenek A, Reicher M (1993) Podrecznik DLA Studentow Medycyny I Lekarzy. Anatomia czLowieka, 6th edn. PZWL, Warszawa, pp 303–330
Boyd GI (1930) The emissary foramina in the cranium of man and anthropoids. J Anat 65:108–121
Calcaterra TC, Cherney EF, Hanafee WF (1973) Normal variations in size and neoplastic changes of skull foramina. Laryngoscope 83:1385–1397
Cohen MMJR (1993) Sutural biology and the correlates of craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet 47:581–616
Ginsberg LE, Pruett SW, Chin MYM, Elster AD (1994) Skull-base foramina of the middle cranial fossa: reassessment of normal variation with high-resolution CT. Am J Neuroradiol 15:283–291
Henderson WR (1988) A note on the relationship of the human maxillary nerve to the cavernous sinus and to an emissary sinus passing through the foramen ovale. J Anat 100:905–908
Kawamoto HK Jr (1976) The kaleidoscopic world of rare craniofacial clefts: order out of chaos (Tessier classification). Clin Plast Surg 3:529–572
Keskil S, Gozil R, Çalgüner E (2003) Common surgical pitfalls in the skull. Surg Neurol 59:228–231
Nayak S (2007) An abnormal foramen connecting the middle cranial fossa with sphenoidal air sinus: a case report. Internet J Biol Anthropol 2:1–3
Reymond J, Charuta A, Wysocki J (2005) The morphology and morphometry of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone. Folia Morphol 64:188–193
Scheuer L, Black S (2000) Developmental juvenile osteology, 5th edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, pp 88–100
Sondheimer FK (1971) Basal foramina and canals. In: Newton TH, Potts DG (eds) Radiology of the skull and brain: the skull. C V Mosby, St. louis, pp 287–347
Tokumaru AM, Barkovich AJ, Ciricillo SF, Edwards MSB (1996) Skull base and calvarial deformities: association with intracranial changes in craniofacial syndromes. Am J Neuroradiol 17:619–630
Williams PL, Warwick R (1989) Gray’s anatomy, 37th edn. Livingstone, London
Acknowledgements
We thank Brendon Billings for his assistance with the preparation of the specimens at the Raymond A Dart Collection of Human Skeletons of the School of Anatomical Sciences and Dr. Masumbuko for her useful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics clearance
This work was undertaken in accordance with the University of the Witwatersrand Ethics Committee on the use of human cadaver and skeletal remains for teaching and research, Ethics Reference Number W-CJ-101109-9.
Conflict of interest
None.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mazengenya, P., Ekpo, O. Unusual foramen in the middle cranial fossae of adult black South African skull specimens. Surg Radiol Anat 39, 815–818 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1780-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1780-0