Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

An anatomic study of the attachments on the condylar process of the mandible: muscle bundles from the temporalis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomically the relationship between bone and muscles by detailed observation of the bone shape and the structure of muscles to facilitate an understanding of the function of the muscles involved in jaw movement.

Methods

36 specimens of 24 Japanese cadavers were examined. The insertion areas were marked using a radiopaque marker and examined by micro-computed tomography. For morphological observation, we used 101 condylar processes. In addition, we made histological sections in some specimens to observe the detailed attachments of the muscle.

Results

Based on the micro-CT images and dissection findings, the lateral pterygoid muscle was found to be most frequently inserted into the anterior impression and attached to the medial impression of the process. According to the histological observations, the lateral pterygoid muscle mainly inserted to the condylar process. The micro-CT images indicated that the obvious bony ridge was lateral to the pterygoid fovea on the condylar process in all specimens. The midmedial muscle bundle of the temporalis was attached to the ridge. Based on the morphological observations, the ridge was situated on the lateral area of the condylar process.

Conclusions

Since dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint is likely closely related to both the lateral pterygoid muscle and also the temporalis, further studies are necessary to evaluate the function of these muscles and consider jaw movement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahmad M, Hollender L, Anderson Q, Kartha K, Ohrbach R, Truelove EL, John MT, Schiffman EL (2009) Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): development of image analysis criteria and examiner reliability for image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:844–860. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.023

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Akita K, Shimokawa T, Sato T (2000) Positional relationships between the masticatory muscles and their innervating nerves with special reference to the lateral pterygoid and the midmedial and discotemporal muscle bundles of temporalis. J Anat 197:291–302

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Akita K, Shimokawa T, Sato T (2003) An anatomic study of the positional relationships between the lateral pterygoid muscle and its surrounding nerves. Eur J Anat 7(Suppl 1):5–14. doi:10.1007/s00276-008-0329-2

    Google Scholar 

  4. Eisler P (1912) Die muskeln des stammes. In: Von Bardeleben K (ed) Handbuch des anatomie des menschen, vol 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp 197–234

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ericson S, Kurol PJ (2000) Resorption of incisors after ectopic eruption of maxillary canines: a CT study. Angle Orthod 70:415–423

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Griffin CJ, Sharpe CJ (1960) Distribution of elastic tissue especially in respects to “comparison” areas. Aust Dent J 7:72–78. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1962.tb05713.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hiraba K, Hibino K, Hiranuma K, Negoro T (2000) EMG activities of two heads of the human lateral pterygoid muscle in relation to mandibular condyle movement and biting force. J Neurophysiol 83:2120–2137

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Honée GL (1972) The anatomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 10:331–340

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kamiyama T (1961) An electromyographic study on the function of the external pterygoid muscle. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 8:118–119

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kau CH, Richmond S, Palomo JM, Hans MG (2005) Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics. J Orthod 32(4):282–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Le Toux G, Duval JM, Darnault P (1989) The human temporo-mandibular joint: current anatomic and physiologic status. Surg Radiol Anat 11:283–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lubosch W (1918) Neue ergebnisse in der Erforshung des aufbaues der Trigeminusmuskulatur. Verh Physik-Med Ges Würzburg NF 45:181–196

    Google Scholar 

  13. Matsunaga K, Usui A, Yamaguchi K, Akita K (2009) An anatomical study of the muscles that attach to the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint. Clin Anat 22:932–940. doi:10.1002/ca.20865

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jr McNamara J A (1973) The independent functions of the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Am J Anat 138:197–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Murray GM, Orfanos T, Chan JY, Wanigaratne K, Klineberg IJ (1999) Electromyographic activity of the human lateral pterygoid muscle during contralateral and protrusive jaw movements. Arch Oral Biol 44:269–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rugh JD, Drago CJ (1981) Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest positon and jaw activity. J Prosthet Dent 45:670–675

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sakamoto Y, Akita K (2004) Spatial relationships between masticatory muscles and their innervating nerves in man with special reference to the medial pterygoid muscle and its accessory muscle bundle. Surg Radiol Anat 26:122–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sato F, Kino K, Sugisaki M, Haketa T, Amemori Y, Ishikawa T, Shibuya T, Amagasa T, Shibuya T, Tanabe H, Yoda T, Sakamoto I, Omura K, Miyaoka H (2006) Teeth contacting habit as a contributing factor to chronic pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Med Dent Sci 53:103–109

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schumacher GH, Lau H, Freund E, Schultz M, Himstedt HW, Menning A (1976) Zur topographie der musklären nervenausbreitungen. 9 Kaumuskeln M. Pterygoideus medialis und lateralis verschiedener Kautypen vertreter. Anat Anz 139:71–87 (in German)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shankland WE 2nd, Negulesco JA, O’Brian B (1996) The “pre-anterior belly” of the temporalis muscle: a preliminary study of a newly described muscle. Cranio 14:106–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Shimokawa T, Akita K, Soma K, Sato T (1998) Innervation analysis of the small muscle bundles attached to the temporalis: truly new muscles or merely derivatives of the temporalis? Surg Radiol Anat 20:329–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Sugisaki M, Komori E, Nakazawa M, Tanabe H, Kato S (1986) Anatomical studies of the lateral pterygoid muscle by the superior approach and a review of the literature. Jpn J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:718–730. doi:10.5794/jjoms.32.718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Thilander B (1964) The structure of the collagen of the temporomandibular disc in man. Acta Odontol Scand 22:135–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Troiano MF (1967) New concept of the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle. J Oral Surg 25:337–340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tsiklakis K, Syriopoulos K, Stamatakis HC (2004) Radiographic examination of the temporomandibular joint using cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:196–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Usui A, Akita K, Yamaguchi K (2008) An anatomic study of the divisions of the lateral pterygoid muscle based on the findings of the origins and insertions. Surg Radiol Anat 30:327–333. doi:10.1007/s00276-008-0329-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Widmalm SE, Lillie JH, Ash MM Jr (1987) Anatomical and electromyographic studies of the lateral pterygoid muscle. J Oral Rehabil 14:429–446

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wilkinson TM (1988) The relationship between the disk and the lateral pterygoid muscle in the human temporomandibular joint. J Prosthet Dent 60:715–724

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Velly AM, Gornitsky M, Philippe P (2003) Contributing factors to chronic myofascial pain: a case control study. Pain 104:491–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yatabe M, Zwijnenburg A, Megens CC, Naeije M (1997) Movements of the mandibular condyle kinematic center during jaw opening and closing. J Dent Res 76:714–719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthodontic Science, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan

    Tomomi Sakaguchi-Kuma, Kazuo Shimazaki & Takashi Ono

  2. Clinical Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan

    Nao Hayashi, Hitomi Fujishiro, Kumiko Yamaguchi & Keiichi Akita

Authors
  1. Tomomi Sakaguchi-Kuma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nao Hayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hitomi Fujishiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kumiko Yamaguchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kazuo Shimazaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Takashi Ono
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Keiichi Akita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keiichi Akita.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sakaguchi-Kuma, T., Hayashi, N., Fujishiro, H. et al. An anatomic study of the attachments on the condylar process of the mandible: muscle bundles from the temporalis. Surg Radiol Anat 38, 461–467 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1587-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1587-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation