Abstract
We report a highly unusual case of unilateral absence of the mental foramen, with the inferior alveolar nerve exiting the mandible via an orifice situated on the lateral surface of the angle of the mandible. However, the teeth on this side of the dental arch had normal sensitivity, and the mandible had grown correctly. Despite the absence of intraosseous course, the inferior alveolar nerve seems to keep its neural and guide roles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azaz B, Lustmann J (1973) Anatomical configurations in dry mandibles. Br J Oral Surg 11:1–9
Bilecenoglu B, Tuncer N (2006) Clinical and anatomical study of retromolar foramen and canal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64:1493–1497
Curien R, Braun M, Perez M, Bravetti P, Coqueugniot H (2011) Discriminant study of the development of the mandibular units in a neural reference system. Surg Radiol Anat 33:191–196
Captier G, Lethuilier J, Oussaid M, Canovas F, Bonnel F (2006) Neural symmetry and functional asymmetry of the mandible. Surg Radiol Anat 28:379–386
Carter RB, Keen EN (1971) The intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve. J Anat 108:433–440
da Silva Ramos Fernandes LM, Capelozza AL, Rubira-Bullen IR (2011) Absence and hypoplasia of the mental foramen detected in CBCT images: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 33:731–734
de Freitas V, Madeira MC, Toledo Filho JL, Chagas CF (1979) Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Acta Anat (Basel) 104:353–355
Delachapelle C, Laude M, Thilloy G (1981) Tridimensional cephalometric study of the structural units of the human mandible. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 24:171–191
Ernst T, Inke G (1962) Variations in the main sensory branches of the mandibular nerve in man. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 123:126–136
Ginestet G (1934) Topographie du canal et du nerf dentaire inférieur. Rev Stomat 35:248–252
Gowgiel JM (1992) The position and course of the mandibular canal. J Oral Implantol 18:383–385
Kan EY, Doyle A, de Chalain TB (2002) Morphological variability of inferior alveolar nerve in low-grade craniofacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg 13:53–58
Kodera H, Hashimoto I (1995) A case of mandibular retromolar canal: elements of nerves and arteries in this canal. Kaibogaku Zasshi 70:23–30
Langlais RP, Broadus R, Glass BJ (1985) Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc 110:923–926
Ma J, Lu L, Song CX (2008) The position and course of mandibular canal through mandibular ramus in patients with prognathism. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 17:200–203
Manikandhan R, Mathew PC, Naveenkumar J, Anantanarayanan P (2010) A rare variation in the course of the inferior alveolar nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39:185–187
Montoya P, Leboucq N, Bigorre M (2001) Imaging of oto-mandibular dysplasias. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 46:424–446
Moss ML (1968) Functional cranial analysis of mammalian mandibular ramal morphology. Acta Anat (Basel) 71:423–447
Moss ML, Salentijn L (1971) The unitary logarithmic curve descriptive of human mandibular growth. Acta Anat (Basel) 78:532–542
Neves FS, de Almeida SM, Boscolo FN et al (2012) Risk assessment of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle by multidetector computed tomography in extractions of third molars. Surg Radiol Anat 34(7):619–624
Nortje CJ, Farman AG, Grotepass FW (1977) Variations in the normal anatomy of the inferior dental (mandibular) canal: a retrospective study of panoramic radiographs from 3612 routine dental patients. Br J Oral Surg 15:55–63
Olivier E (1927) Le canal dentaire inférieur et son nerf chez l’adulte. Ann Anvat Path 4:975–987
Ossenberg NS (1987) Retromolar foramen of the human mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 73:119–128
Ozturk A, Potluri A, Vieira AR (2012) Position and course of the mandibular canal in skulls. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 113:453–458
Paturet G (1951) Ostéologie, Arthrologie, Myologie. Traité d’anatomie humaine. Masson, Paris
Pyun JH, Lim YJ, Kim MJ, Ahn SJ, Kim J (2012) Position of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs and its relation to the horizontal course of the mandibular canal: a computed tomographic analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02400.x
Rusu MC, Sandulescu M, Ciuluvica RC et al (2012) The extramandibular inferior alveolar nerve in cases with severely atrophic lower jaws. Surg Radiol Anat 34(3):277–279
Sawyer DR, Kiely ML (1991) Retromolar foramen: a mandibular variant important to dentistry. Ann Dent 50:16–18
Schejtman R, Devoto FC (1966) Foramen and retromolar triangle of the mandible. Rev Asoc Odontol Argent 54:243–247
Sperberg G (2001) Craniofacial development. Decker, Hamilton
Starkie C, Stewart D (1931) The intra-mandibular course of the inferior dental nerve. J Anat 65:319–323
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Herlin, C., Yachouh, J., Journet, J.L. et al. Extramandibular position of the inferior alveolar nerve. Analysis and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat 35, 811–815 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1099-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1099-z