Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on productivity, evapotranspiration and quality of grain sorghum

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Irrigation Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation on evapotranspiration, crop water productivity, irrigation water productivity, yield response, yield components and quality characteristics of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in Antalya, Turkey. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications at four different irrigation water levels (I100, I70, I35 and I0) in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Deficit irrigation levels significantly decreased plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductivity, average leaf area, leaf area index, leaf weight, stem weight, panicle weight, grains per panicle and grain yield in both growing seasons. Except for the ash content in the first year, quality components such as water, oil and protein content were not significantly affected by different irrigation levels. Also, fatty acid contents were not affected by irrigation levels in both growing seasons. The correlation test revealed a strong positive relationship between leaf weight, panicle weight, plant weight and sorghum grain yield in different irrigation applications. On the other hand, there was no correlation between grain yield and different fatty acid contents. When water is not limited, it is suggested that sorghum can be irrigated by bringing soil water to the field capacity when 40–45% of the water at the effective root depth of the sorghum plant is depleted. When water is limited, timing the irrigations when 40–45% depletion in the root zone has occurred, but refilling the profile to only 70% of available water capacity is recommended to limit significant yield loss.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the authors.

References

  • Abd El-Mageed TA, El- Samnoudi IM, Abd El-Aty MI, Abd El Tawwab AR (2018) Compost and mulching modulates morphological, physiological responses and water use efficiency in sorghum under low moisture regime. Agric Water Manag 208:431–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abunyewa AA, Ferguson RB, Wortmann CS, Mason SC (2017) Grain sorghum nitrogen use as affected by planting practice and nitrogen rate. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 17:155–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assefa Y, Staggenborg SA, Prasad VPV (2010) Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress: a review. Crop Manag 9:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydinsakir K, Buyuktas D, Dinç N, Erdurmus C, Bayram E, Yegin AB (2021a) Yield and bioethanol productivity of sorghum under surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Agric Water Manag 243:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydinsakir K, Dinc N, Buyuktas D, Kocaturk M, Ozkan CF, Karaca C (2021) Water productivity of soybeans under regulated surface and subsurface drip irrigation conditions. Irrig Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00744-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayers AS, Westcot DW (1985) Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 20, Rome

  • Barbosa MAM, Kuki KN, Bengala PSP, dos Pereira ES, de Barros AF, Montoya SG, Pimentel LD (2020) Phenological and physiological evaluation of first and second cropping periods of sorghum and maize crops. J Agron Crop Sci 206:263–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bastug R, Karaca C, Buyuktas D, Aydinsakir K, Dinc N (2021) The effects of deficit irrigation practices on evapotranspiration, yield and quality characteristics of two sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) grown in lysimeters under the Mediterranean climate conditions. Irrig Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00732-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell JM, Schwartz R, McInnes KJ, Howell T, Morgan CLS (2018) Deficit irrigation effects on yield and yield components of grain sorghum. Agric Water Manag 203:289–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellaloui N, Mengistu A (2008) Seed composition is influenced by irrigation regimes and cultivar differences in soybean. Irrig Sci 26:261–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellaloui N, Mengistu A, Kassem MA (2013) Effects of genetics and environment on fatty acid stability in soybean seed. Food Nutr Sci 4:165–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boydak E, Karaaslan D, Türkoǧlu H (2010) The effect of different nitrogen and irrigation levels on fatty acid composition of peanut oils. Turkish J Field Crop 15:29–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Çakmakçı S, Tahmas-Kahyaoğlu D (2012) An overview of the effects of fatty acids on health and nutrition (in Turkish). Akademik Gıda 10:103–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Cengiz MH (2007) 21. Yüzyılda tarım ve enerji sektörlerindeki ekonomik önemi. Uluslararası Ekon. Sorunlar Derg. XXV: 1–10

  • Çetin Ö, Bilgel L (2002) Effects of different irrigationmethods on shedding and yield of cotton. Agric Water Manag 54:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie WW (1993) Preparation of ester derivatives of fatty acids for chromatographic analysis. In: Christie WW (ed) Advances in lipid methodology. The Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, pp 69–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Devnarain N, Crampton BG, Chikwamba R, Becker JVW, O’Kennedy MM (2016) Physiological responses of selected African sorghum landraces to progressive water stress and re-watering. South Afr J Bot 103:61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devore J, Peck R (1993) Statistics: exploration and analysis, 2nd edn. Cengage Learning, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (1979) Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33, Rome

  • El-Nakhlawy FS, Shiboob MH (2011) Evaluation of nine oil crops for fatty acid constituents of their oils. J King Abdulaziz Univ Environ Arid L Agric Sci 22:51–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrante A, Mariani L (2018) Agronomic management for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses: high and low values of temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity. Horticulturae 4:1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4030021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galyuon IKA, Gay A, Borrell AK, Howarth CJ (2019) Physiological and biochemical basis for stay-green trait in sorghum. Afr Crop Sci J 27:653–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrity DP, Sullivan CY, Watts DG (1984) Changes in grain sorghum stomatal and photosynthetic response to moisture stress across growth stages. Crop Sci 24:441–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Getnet Z, Husen A, Fetene M, Yemata G (2015) Growth, water status, physiological, biochemical and yield response of stay green sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties-a field trial under drought-prone area in amhara regional state, Ethiopia. J Agron 14:188–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadebe ST, Mabhaudhi T, Modi AT (2017) Water use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in response to varying planting dates evaluated under rainfed conditions. Water SA 43:91–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs EH, Muendel HH (1983) Water requirements of irrigated soybeans in southern Alberta. Can J Plant Sci 63:855–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz W, Latimer GW (2005) Official methods of analysis of AOAC international, 18th edn. Association of Official Analysis Chemists International. Association Official Analytical Chemists, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain MS, Islam MN, Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Khan MAR (2022) Sorghum: a prospective crop for climatic vulnerability, food and nutritional security. J Agric Food Res 8(2022):100300

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell TA, Steiner JL, Schneider AD, Evett SR, Tolk JA (1997) Seasonal and maximum daily evapotranspiration of irrigated winter wheat, sorghum, and corn—Southern high plains. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 40:623–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ihekoronye AI, Ngoddy PO (1985) Integrated food science and technology for the tropics. Macmillan Publishers, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabereldar AA, El Naim AM, Awad AA, Dagash YM (2017) Effect of water stress on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in semi-arid environment. Int J Agric For 7:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • James LG (1988) Principles of farm irrigation system design. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimoh WLO, Abdullahi MS (2017) Proximate analysis of selected sorghum cultivars. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci 10:285–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshan Y, Sani B, Jabbari H, Mozafari H, Moaveni P (2019) Effect of drought stress on oil content and fatty acids composition of some safflower genotypes. Plant Soil Environ 11:563–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kacar B, Inal A (2008) Plant analysis (in Turkish). Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadkhodaie A, Razmjoo J, Zahedi M, Pessarakli M (2014) Oil content and composition of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes as affected by irrigation regimes. J Am Oil Chem Soc 91:1734–1744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanber R (2006) Irrigation (in Turkish). Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Publishing, Adana

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannangara T, Durley RC, Simpson GM, Seetharama N (1983) Drought resistance of sorghum bicolor.6. Changes in endogenous growth regulators of plants grown across an irrigation gradient. Can J Plant Sci 63:147–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan M, Kale H, Karaman K, Unlukara A (2017) Influence of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on crude oil and fatty acid composition of maize (Zea mays L.). Grasas Aceites 68:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan M, Temizgul R, Beyzi SB, Kokten K, Karaman K (2018) Classification of different Sorghum bicolor genotypes depending on fatty acid composition with using Biplot analysis. Prog Nutr 20:699–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaca C, Tekelioglu B, Buyuktas D, Bastug R (2018) Relations between crop water stress index and stomatal conductance of soybean depending on cultivars. Fresenius Environ Bull 27:4212–4219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karakaya Z, Odemis B (2019) Determination of relationship water-yield of inoculated and uninoculated soybean in different irrigation water level. Mustafa Kemal Univ J Agric Sci 24:278–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsoulas N, Kittas C (2011) Greenhouse crop transpiration modelling. Evapotranspiration Meas Agric Environ Appl. https://doi.org/10.5772/991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khaton MA, Sagar A, Tajkia JE, Islam MS, Mahmud MS, Hossain AKMZ (2016) Effect of moisture stress on morphological and yield attributes of four sorghum varieties. Progress Agric 27:265–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer PJ (1983) Water relations of plants. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kresović B, Gajić B, Tapanarova A, Pejić B, Dugalić G, Sredojević Z (2017) Impact of deficit irrigation on yield and chemical properties of Soybean seeds in temperate climate. Contemp Agric 66:14–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarova V, Asano T (2005) Challenges of sustainable irrigation with recycled water. In: Lazarova V, Bahri A (eds) Water reuse for irrigation, agriculture, landscapes and turf grass. CRC Press, London, pp 1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Andersen MN, Jacobsen S-E, Jensen CR (2005) Stomatal control and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) during progressive soil drying. Environ Exp Bot 54:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.05.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Maier A, Klocke N, Yan S, Rogers D, Tesso T, Wang D (2013) Impact of deficit irrigation on sorghum physical and chemical properties and ethanol yield. Trans ASABE 56:1541–1549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Huertas E (2010) Health effects of oleic acid and long chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) enriched milks. A review of intervention studies. Pharmacol Res 61:200–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malala TJ (2010) Evaluation and selection of 20 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench] genotypes for drought tolerance. Master's thesis. University of Pretoria, Pretoria

  • Maluk MD (2015) Assessment of drought tolerance, earliness and grain yield in south Sudan sorghum germplasm and icrisat lines. Master's thesis. University of Nairobi

  • Manjarrez-Sandoval P, Gonzalez-Hernandez VA, Mendoza-Onofret LE, Engleman EM (1989) Drought stress effects on the grain yield and panicle development of sorghum. Can J Plant Sci 69:631–641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehmood S, Orhan I, Ahsan Z, Aslan S, Gulfraz, M (2008) Fatty acid composition of seed oil of different Sorghum bicolor varieties. Food Chem. 109(4):855-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.014.

  • Mengistu MG, Steyn JM, Kunz RP, Doidge I, Hlophe HB, Everson CS, Jewitt GPW, Clulow AD (2016) A preliminary investigation of the water use efficiency of sweet sorghum for biofuel in South Africa. Water SA 42:152–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mesa García MD, Aguilera García CM, Gil Hernández A (2006) Importance of lipids in the nutritional treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nutr Hosp 21:28–41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam HRT, Zahedi H, Ghooshchi F (2011) Oil quality of canola cultivars in response to water stress and super absorbent polymer application. Pesqui Agropecuária Trop 41:579–589

    Google Scholar 

  • Munamava M, Riddoch I (2001) Response of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varieties to soil moisture stress at different developmental stages. South Afr J Plant Soil 18:75–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Shaughnessy SA, Evett SR, Colaizzi PD, Howell TA (2012) Grain sorghum response to irrigation scheduling with the time-temperature threshold method and deficit irrigation levels. Trans ASABE 55:451–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patanè C, Cosentino SL, Anastasi U (2017) Sowing time and irrigation scheduling effects on seed yield and fatty acids profile of sunflower in semi-arid climate. Int J Plant Prod 11:17–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Pejic B, Maksimovic L, Cimpeanu S, Bucur D, Milic S, Cupina B (2011) Response of soybean to water stress at specific growth stages. J Food Agric Environ 9:280–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Petcu E, Arsintescu A, Stanciu D (2001) The effect of drought stress on fatty acid composition in some Sunflower hybrids. Rom Agric Res 15:39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Pietragalla J, Pask A (2011) Stomatal conductance, in: Pask, A., Pietragalla, J., Mullan, D., Reynolds, M. (Eds.), Wheat Physiological Breeding II: A Field Guide to Wheat Phenotyping. CIMMYT, pp. 15–17

  • Prasad PVV, Pisipati SR, Mutava RN, Tuinstra MR (2008) Sensitivity of grain sorghum to high temperature stress during reproductive development. Crop Sci 48:1911–1917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Queiroz VAV, der Silva CS, der Menezes CB, Schaffert RE, Guimarães FFM, Guimarães LJM, der Guimarães PEO, Tardin FD (2015) Nutritional composition of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes cultivated without and with water stress. J Cereal Sci 65:103–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao SS, Patil JV, Prasad PVV, Reddy DCS, Mishra JS, Umakanth AV, Reddy BVS, Kumar AA (2013) Sweet sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi-arid tropical environment. Agron J 105:1458–1465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rocateli AC, Raper RL, Balkcom KS, Arriaga FJ, Bransby DI (2012) Biomass sorghum production and components under different irrigation/tillage systems for the southeastern U.S. Ind Crops Prod 36:589–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosegrant MW, Cai X, Cline SA (2002) World water and food to 2025: dealing with scarcity. International Food Policy Research Institute

    Google Scholar 

  • Saini LH, Trivedi SJ, Davda BK, Saini AK (2018) Effect of sowing dates on growth, yield and economics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7:535–538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakellariou-Makrantonaki M, Papalexis D, Nakos N, Kalavrouziotis IK (2007) Effects of modern irrigation methods on growth and energy production of sweet sorghum (var. Keller) on a dry year in central Greece. Agric Water Manag 90:181–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shroyer J, Kok H, Fjell D (1998) Seedbed preparation and planting practices. Grain Sorghum production handbook. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan, p 32

    Google Scholar 

  • Sintayehu S (2018) The study of growth and physiological characters in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) introgression lines under post flowering drought stress. 3rd Glob. Food Secur Food Saf Sustain Conf 9:1–1

    Google Scholar 

  • Solaimalai A, Ravisankar N, Chandrasekaran B (2001) Water management to Sorghum—a review. Agric Rev 22:115–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Steduto P, Albrizio R (2005) Resource use efficiency of field grown sunflower, sorghum, wheat and chickpea. II. Water use efficiency and comparison with radiation use efficiency. Agr Forest Meteorol 130:269–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Fereres E, Raes D (2012) Crop yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper Nr. 66, FAO, Rome, Italy. 500 p

  • Stewart JI, Danielson RE, Hanks RJ, Jackson EB, Hagan RM, Pruitt WO, Franklin WT, and Riley JP (1977) Optimizing crop production through control of water and salinity levels in the soil. Utah Water Lab. PRWG 151–1. Logan, Utah. 191 pp.

  • Terés S, Barceló-Coblijn G, Benet M, Álvarez R, Bressani R, Halver JE, Escribá PV (2008) Oleic acid content is responsible for the reduction in blood pressure induced by olive oil. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:13811–13816

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tietel Z, Dag A, Yermiyahu U, Zipori I, Beiersdorf I, Krispin S, Ben-Gal A (2018) Irrigation-induced salinity affects olive oil quality and health-promoting properties. J Sci Food Agric 99:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Everitt JH, Bradford JM (2001) Comparisons of uniform and variable rate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications for grain sorghum. Trans ASAE 44(2):201–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yazar A, Oğuzer V, Tülücü K, Arıoğlu H, Gençoğlan C, Dıker K, (1991) Development of irrigation program for second product soybean by using open water surface (Class A Pan) evaporation in Harran Plain conditions. Cukurova University, Paper No: 45, Turkey

  • Zhang H, Wang X, You M, Liu C (1999) Water-yield relations and water-use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Irrig Sci 19:37–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by scientific council of Akdeniz University under project no: FDK-2019-4897. The authors are grateful for the financial support of this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National School of Public Works, B.P. 60, N’Djamena, Chad

    Hisseine Mahamat Allamine

  2. Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey

    Dursun Buyuktas

  3. Greenhouse Production Program, Kumluca Vocational School, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Cihan Karaca

  4. Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, 07000, Antalya, Turkey

    Koksal Aydinsakir & Cengiz Erdurmus

Authors
  1. Hisseine Mahamat Allamine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dursun Buyuktas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cihan Karaca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Koksal Aydinsakir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cengiz Erdurmus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dursun Buyuktas.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Allamine, H.M., Buyuktas, D., Karaca, C. et al. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on productivity, evapotranspiration and quality of grain sorghum. Irrig Sci 41, 277–293 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00844-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00844-5

Search

Navigation