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Evapotranspiration and the response of cool-season and warm-season turfgrass species to deficit irrigation under a sprinkler irrigation method

Irrigation Science volume 41, pages 81–91 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation applications at different levels on cool-season and warm-season turf irrigated by a sprinkler irrigation method. Field experiments were conducted in Istanbul, Turkey (41°03ʹN; 28°00ʹE; 46 m above sea level) during the growing season of 2019. In the study, two different turf types: a cool-season turfgrass mixture (C) and a warm-season turfgrass or Bermudagrass (W) were subjected to three different irrigation levels (I1: Full irrigation, I2: 1/3 deficiency, I3: 2/3 deficiency) and examined in split-plots via a randomized complete block design conducted in triplicate. The soil moisture level was monitored via time-domain reflectometry (TDR) each day to provide irrigation timing. Unfortunately, none of the treatments were adequate to keep cool-season turf green after July because of a high MAD (Management Allowable Deficit) value. In the first 3-month period (May to July) of the experiment, during which both types of turf could survive, the seasonal evapotranspiration and the total amount of irrigation water applied were 11% more for the cool-season turf than for the warm-season turf. In the warm-season turf, although all irrigation levels provided for plant survival, the I2 treatment is suggested when all quality parameters, such as the amount of irrigation water applied, the water used, the irrigation water-use efficiency and the quality parameters are evaluated together. Seasonal average values for Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) were calculated for the different irrigation treatments ranging from 0.57 to 0.66 for cool-season turf and from 0.52 to 0.66 for warm-season turf. The average CWSI values before irrigation was applied were from 0.68 to 0.79 for cool-season turf and from 0.69 to 0.79 for warm-season turf. The Jensen-Haise method (JH) was chosen as the best equation when reference evapotranspiration estimation methods were compared for both types of turf.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the funding support by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), under project registry number 119O088. The authors would also like to thank the staff and support from cooperators at Silivri-Istanbul Municipality.

Funding

This Project was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK).

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  1. Agricultural Faculty, Biosystem Engineering Department, Land and Water Source Division, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

    A. Halim Orta & Seray Kuyumcu

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  1. A. Halim Orta
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Correspondence to A. Halim Orta.

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Orta, A.H., Kuyumcu, S. Evapotranspiration and the response of cool-season and warm-season turfgrass species to deficit irrigation under a sprinkler irrigation method. Irrig Sci 41, 81–91 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00833-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00833-8