Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and irrigation management of transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Irrigation Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES (Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis)-Rice for simulating growth and yield of rice under irrigated conditions for a semiarid environment in Pakistan and to determine the impact of plant density and irrigation regime on grain yield and economic returns. The crop simulation model was evaluated with experimental data collected in 2000 and 2001 in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with three replications and included three plant densities (one seedling hill−1, PD1; two seedlings hill−1, PD2; and three seedlings hill−1, PD3) and five irrigation regimes (625 mm, I1; 775 mm, I2; 925 mm, I3; 1075 mm, I4; and 1225 mm, I5). To determine the most appropriate combination of plant densities and irrigation regimes, four plant densities from one seedling hill−1 to four seedlings hill−1 and 17 irrigation regimes ranging from 0 to 1600 mm, for a total of 68 different scenarios, were simulated for 35 years of historical daily weather data. The evaluation of CSM-CERES-Rice showed that the model was able to accurately simulate growth and yield of rice for irrigated semiarid conditions, with an average error of 11% between simulated and observed grain yield. The results of the biophysical analysis showed that the combination of the two seedlings hill−1 plant density and the 1,300 mm irrigation regime produced the highest yield compared to all other scenarios. Furthermore, the economic analysis through the Mean-Gini Dominance (MGD) also showed the superiority of this treatment compared to the other treatment combinations. The mean monetary return ranged from −47 to 1,265 $ ha−1 among all 68 scenarios. However, to be able to furnish the demand of rice grain for local consumption and to increase export, there is a need to expand this technology among the rice growers of other rice producing areas in Pakistan through extension workers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad S, Hussain A, Ali H, Ashfaq A (2005a) Transplanted fine rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity as affected by plant density and irrigation regimes. Intl J Agric Biol 7:445–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Hussain A, Ali H, Ahmad A (2005b) Grain yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by plant density and nitrogen fertilization. J Agric Soc Sci 1:212–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali H, Shad SA, Ahmad A, Maqsood M, Khan MB, Mehmood S, Hussain A (2008) Water and radiation use efficiencies of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different plant density and irrigation regimes under semi-arid environment. Pak J Bot 40:199–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali H, Khaliq T, Anjum MA, Khan MA, Hussain A, Hoogenboom G (2009a) Resources use efficiency of field grown transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) under irrigated semiarid environment. J Food Agric Environ 7:487–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali H, Ahmad A, Khan MA, Khaliq T, Husnain Z, Hussain A, Hoogenboom G (2009b) Morphological and quality parameters of Oryza sativa L. as affected by population dynamics, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation regimes. Pak J Bot 41:1259–1269

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Soler CMT, Ali H, Zia-ul-Haq M, Anothai J, Hussain A, Hoogenboom G, Hasanuzzaman M (2011) Application of the CSM-CERES-rice model for evaluation of plant density and nitrogen management of fine transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment. Precision Agric. doi:10.1007/s11119-011-9238-1

  • Arora VK (2006) Application of a rice growth and water balance model in an irrigated semi-arid subtropical environment. Agric Water Manage 83:51–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banterng P, Hoogenboom G, Patannothai A, Singh P, Wani SP, Pathak P, Tongpoonpol S, Atichart S, Srihaban P, Buranaviriyakul S, Jintrawet A, Nguyen TC (2010) Application of the cropping system model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Soybean for determining optimum management strategies for soybean in tropical environments. J Agron Crop Sci 196:231–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker R, Dawe D, Tuong TP, Bhuiyan SI, Guerra LC (1999) The outlook for water resources in the year 2020: challenges for research on water management in rice production. In: Assessment and orientation towards the 21st century. Proceedings of 19th session of the international rice commissions, Food, Agriculture Organization, Cairo, Egypt, 7–9 September 1998, pp 96–109

  • Borell A, Garside A, Shu FK (1997) Improving efficiency of water for irrigated rice in a semi-arid tropical environment. Field Crops Res 52:231–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouman BAM, Tuong TP (2001) Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated rice. Agric Water Manage 49:11–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouman BAM, Shaobing P, Xiaoguang Y, Huaqi W (2002) Aerobic rice: challenges and opportunities: the price of water-reducing water requirements in rice production through aerobic system. In: Paper presented at the international rice congress on innovation, impact, and livelihood, International Rice Research Institute, Beijing, September 16–20 (abstract pp 88)

  • Buccola ST, Subaei A (1984) Mean-Gini analysis, stochastic efficiency and weak risk aversion. Aust J Agric Econ 28:77–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabangon RJ, Tuong TP, Castillo EG, Bao LX, Lu G, Wang GH, Cui L, Bouman BAM, Li Y, Chen C, Wang J (2004) Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on rice yield, water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China. Paddy Water Environ 2:195–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheyglinted S, Ranamukhaarachchi SL, Singh G (2001) Assessment of the CERES-Rice model for rice production in the Central Plain of Thailand. J Agric Sci 137:289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary MR (2008) A text book of irrigation and drainage: practices for agriculture, study aid foundation for excellence (SAFE). Islamabad, Pakistan, pp 32–35

  • Fawcett RH, Thornton PK (1989) Mean-Gini dominance in decision analysis. IMA J Math Appl Bus Ind 2:309–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng L, Bouman BAM, Toung TP, Cabangon RJ, Li Y, Lu G, Feng Y (2007) Exploring options to grow rice using less water in northern China using a modeling approach I. Field experiments and model evaluation. Agric Water Manage 88:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng S, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Smallwood SK (2001) A sustainable agro-ecological solution to water shortage in the North China Plain (Huabei Plain). J Environ Manage 44:345–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Godwin DC, Singh U (1998) Nitrogen balance and crop response to nitrogen in upland and lowland cropping systems. In: Tsuji GY, Hoogenboom G, Thornton PK (eds) Understanding options for agricultural production. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 55–78

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • GOP (Government of Pakistan) (2007) Economic survey of Pakistan 2006–2007. Finance Division, Economic Advisory Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, pp 15–33

  • GOP (Government of Pakistan) (2008) Economic survey of Pakistan 2007–2008. Economic Advisory Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, pp 17–36

  • GOP (Government of Pakistan) (2009) Economic survey of Pakistan 2008–2009. Economic Advisory Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, pp 17–37

  • Gungula DT, Kling JG, Togun AO (2003) CERES-maize predictions of maize phenology under nitrogen-stressed conditions in Nigeria. Agron J 95:892–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogenboom G, Jones JW, Wilkens PW, Porter CH, Boote KJ, Hunt LA, Singh U, Lizaso JL, White JW, Uryasev O, Royce FS, Ogoshi R, Gijsman AJ, Tsuji GY (2010) Decision support system for agrotechnology transfer version 4.5 [CD-ROM]. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

  • IWMI (International Water Management Institute) (2000) IWMI: global water scarcity study. International Water Management Institute Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Google Scholar 

  • Jintrawet A (1995) A decision support system for rapid assessment of lowland rice-based cropping alternatives in Thailand. Agric Syst 47:245–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JW, Hoogenboom G, Porter CH, Boote KJ, Batchelor WD, Hunt LA, Wilkens PW, Singh U, Gijsman AJ, Ritchie JT (2003) The DSSAT cropping system model. Eur J Agron 18:235–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato Y, Okami M, Katsura K (2009) Yield potential and water use efficiency of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Japan. Field Crops Res 113:328–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kropff MJ, Bouma J, Jones JW (2001) Systems approaches for the design of sustainable agro-ecosystems. Agric Syst 70:369–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Sharma HL (2004) Simulation and validation of CERES-rice (DSSAT) model in north-western Himalayas. Indian J Agric Sci 74:133–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunimitsu Y (2009) Measuring the implicit value of paddy irrigation water: application of RPML model to the contingent choice experiment data in Japan. Paddy Water Environ 7:177–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y (2001) Research and practice of water saving irrigation for rice in China. In: Barker R, Loeve R, Li Y, Tuong TP (eds) Proceedings of the international workshop on water-saving irrigation for rice, March 23–25, Wuhan, China. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp 135–144

  • Lin S, Dittert K, Sattelmacher B (2002) The Ground Cover Rice Production Systems (GCRPS)—a successful new approach to save water and increase nitrogen fertilizer efficiency? In: Bouman BAM, Hengsdijk H, Hardy B, Bindraban PS, Tuong TP, Ladha JK (eds) Water-wise rice production, 8–11 April 2002, LosBanos, Philippines. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, pp 187–196

  • Normile D (2008) Reinventing rice to feed the world. Science 321:330–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng S, Bouman B, Visperas RM, Castaneda A, Nie L, Park H (2006) Comparison between aerobic and flooded rice in the tropics: agronomic performance in an eight-season experiment. Field Crops Res 96:252–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid MH, Alam MM, Khan MAH, Ladha JK (2009) Productivity and resource use of direct-(drum)-seeded and transplanted rice in puddled soils in rice–rice and rice–wheat ecosystems. Field Crops Res 113:274–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie JT (1998) Soil water balance and plant stress. In: Tsuji GY, Hoogenboom G, Thornton PK (eds) Understanding options for agricultural production. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 41–54

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie JT, Singh U, Godwin DC, Bowen WT (1998) Cereal growth, development and yield. In: Tsuji GY, Hoogenboom G, Thornton PK (eds) Understanding options for agricultural production. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp 79–98

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie JT, Porter CH, Judge J, Jones JW, Suleiman AA (2009) Extension of an existing model for soil water evaporation and redistribution under high water content conditions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 73:792–801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar R, Kar S (2006) Evaluation of management strategies for sustainable rice-wheat cropping system, using DSSAT seasonal analysis. J Agric Sci 144:421–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soler CMT, Hoogenboom G, Sentelhas PC, Duarte AP (2007a) Growth analysis of maize grown off-season in a subtropical environment under rainfed and irrigated conditions. J Agron Crop Sci 193:247–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soler CMT, Sentelhas PC, Hoogenboom G (2007b) Application of the CSM-CERES-Maize model for planting date evaluation and yield forecasting for maize grown off-season in a subtropical environment. Eur J Agron 27:165–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soundharajan B, Sudheer KP (2009) Deficit irrigation management for rice using crop growth simulation model in an optimization framework. Paddy Water Environ 7:135–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St’astna M, Trnka M, Kren J, Dubrovsky M, Zalud Z (2002) Evaluation of the CERES models in different production regions of the Czech Republic. Rostlina Vyroba 48:125–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabbal DF, Bouman BAM, Bhuiyan SI, Sibayan EB, Sattar MA (2002) On-farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice; case studies in the Philippines. Agric Water Manage 56:93–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton PK, Hoogenboom G (1994) A computer program to analyze single-season crop model outputs. Agron J 86:860–868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton PK, Hoogenboom G, Wilkens PW, Bowen WT (1995) A computer program to analyze multiple-season crop model outputs. Agron J 87:131–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton PK, Hoogenboom G, Wilkens PW, Jones JW (1998) Seasonal analysis. In: Tsuji GY, Uehara G, Balas S (eds) DSSAT version 3, vol 3–2. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp 1–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Timsina J, Connor DJ (2001) Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crops Res 69:93–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timsina J, Humphreys E (2006) Performance of CERES-rice and CERES-wheat models in rice-wheat systems: a review. Agric Sys 90:5–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji GY, Jones JW, Hoogenboom G, Hunt LA, Thornton PK (1994) Introduction. In: Tsuji G, Uehara Y, Balas GS (eds) DSSAT v3, Decision support system for agrotechnology transfer, vol 1. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, p 284

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji GY, Hoogenboom G, Thornton PK (1998) Understanding options for agricultural production. Systems approaches for sustainable agricultural development. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tuong TP, Bouman BAM (2003) Rice production in water-scarce environments. In: Proceedings of water productivity workshop, 12–14 November 2001, Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka

  • Tuong TP, Bouman BAM, Mortimer M (2005) More rice, less water-integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. Plant Prod Sci 8:231–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach D, Goffinet B (1987) Mean squared error of prediction in models for studying ecological and agronomic systems. Biometrics 43:561–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willmott CJ (1982) Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 63:1309–1313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willmott CJ, Akleson GS, Davis RE, Feddema JJ, Klink KM, Legates DR, Odonnell J, Rowe CM (1985) Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models. J Geophys Res 90:8995–9005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Bouman BAM, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhao J, Chen B (2005) Performance of temperate aerobic rice under different water regimes in North China. Agric Water Manage 74:107–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeigler RS, Puckridge DW (1995) Improving sustainable productivity in rice based rainfed lowland systems of South and South-East Asia. GeoJournal 35:307–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zwart SJ, Bastiaanssen WGM (2004) Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize. Agric Water Manage 69:115–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research was supported in part by the Post Doctorate Fellowship Program of the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, for the first author of this paper. The author also appreciates the approval of study leave by the administration of Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, Pakistan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad & Hakoomat Ali

  2. Agro-climatology Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Ashfaq Ahmad & Abid Hussain

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, Powell, WY, 82435-9135, USA

    Axel Garcia y Garcia

  4. Executive District Officer Agriculture, Chiniot, Punjab, 35400, Pakistan

    Muhammad Azam Khan

  5. Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq

  6. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  7. AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350-8694, USA

    Gerrit Hoogenboom

Authors
  1. Shakeel Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ashfaq Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hakoomat Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abid Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Axel Garcia y Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Muhammad Azam Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mirza Hasanuzzaman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Gerrit Hoogenboom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mirza Hasanuzzaman.

Additional information

Communicated by S. Azam-Ali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ahmad, S., Ahmad, A., Ali, H. et al. Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and irrigation management of transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment. Irrig Sci 31, 491–506 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0324-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-012-0324-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation