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Short-Term Effects of Ankaferd Hemostat for Renal Artery Embolization: An Experimental Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Renal artery embolization (RAE) is a minimally invasive therapeutic technique that is utilized in a number of disorders. Ankaferd is a novel hemostatic agent with a new mechanism of action independent of clotting factors. We used Ankaferd for RAE in a sheep model.

Methods

Seven adult female sheep were included in the study. Selective renal arteriogram using 5-F diagnostic catheter was performed to make sure that each kidney was fed by a single renal artery and the animal had normal renal vasculature. Coaxial 2.7-F microcatheter was advanced to the distal main renal artery. Under fluoroscopic guidance, 2 mL of Ankaferd mixed with 2 mL of nonionic iodinated contrast agent was slowly injected. Fluoroscopy was used to observe the deceleration of flow and stagnation. Control renal angiograms were performed just after embolization. After the procedure, the animals were observed for 1 day and then sacrificed with intravenous sodium thiopental.

Results

The technical success was observed in seven of the seven animals.. After embolization procedure, none of the animals died or experienced a major systemic adverse event. On macroscopic examination of the embolized kidneys, thrombus at the level of main renal artery formed after Ankaferd embolization was more compact compared with the thrombi that was not Ankaferd-associated, which was observed elsewhere. Microscopically, majority of the renal tubular cells (80–90 %) were necrotic, and there was epithelial cell damage in a small portion of the cells (10–20 %).

Conclusions

RAE was safe and effective in the short-term with Ankaferd in studied animals. Further studies should be conducted to better delineate the embolizing potential of this novel hemostatic agent.

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank Genc Medical for financial support for the conduction of the study. Dr. A. Gaipov received grant support from the ERA-EDTA fellowship program.

Conflict of interest

All of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Meram School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Meram Tip Fakultesi, Radyoloji Anabilim Dali, R Blok, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey

    Orhan Ozbek, Osman Koc, Ahmet Kucukapan & Ibrahim Guler

  2. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Meram, Konya, Turkey

    Kadir Acar

  3. Department of General Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

    Kadir Saritas

  4. Department of Pathology, Meram School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Meram, Konya, Turkey

    Hatice Toy

  5. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Meram, Konya, Turkey

    Yalcin Solak, Abduzhappar Gaipov & Suleyman Turk

  6. Department of Radiology, Selcuklu School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey

    Seda Ozbek

  7. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Ibrahim Celaleddin Haznedaroglu

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  1. Orhan Ozbek
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  2. Kadir Acar
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  10. Abduzhappar Gaipov
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  11. Suleyman Turk
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Correspondence to Orhan Ozbek.

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Ozbek, O., Acar, K., Koc, O. et al. Short-Term Effects of Ankaferd Hemostat for Renal Artery Embolization: An Experimental Study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36, 498–504 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-012-0419-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-012-0419-8

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