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Adrenal Radiofrequency Ablation in Swine: Change in Blood Pressure and Histopathologic Analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate changes in blood pressure during adrenal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and analyze histopathologic outcomes in swine adrenal glands.

Materials and Methods

Animal Care Committee approval was obtained for this study. After laparotomy, a single adrenal gland was ablated from each of six animals (six RF sessions total). An internally cooled-tip RF electrode was placed along the long axis of the adrenal gland, and RF energy was applied for 10 min in each adrenal gland. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored, and serum epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels were measured before, during, and after RFA. Histological study was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results

RFA was completed according to a planned protocol in all adrenal glands. Blood pressure increased to >200 mm Hg after an increase in heart rate during all six RF sessions. Mean serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels increased significantly during RFA. However, mean cortisol levels showed no significant increase during or after RFA. Histological studies showed adrenal cell necrosis throughout the adrenal glands in all but one pig, with the mean necrosis rate being 99.1 ± 2.3% (range 94.3–100%).

Conclusion

Adrenal RFA causes extensive adrenal cell damage and causes catecholamine-induced hypertension.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan

    Koichiro Yamakado, Haruyuki Takaki, Atsuhiro Nakatsuka & Kan Takeda

  2. Department of Pathologic Oncology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan

    Katsunori Uchida & Taizo Shiraishi

Authors
  1. Koichiro Yamakado
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  2. Haruyuki Takaki
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  3. Katsunori Uchida
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  4. Atsuhiro Nakatsuka
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  5. Taizo Shiraishi
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  6. Kan Takeda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Koichiro Yamakado.

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Yamakado, K., Takaki, H., Uchida, K. et al. Adrenal Radiofrequency Ablation in Swine: Change in Blood Pressure and Histopathologic Analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 34, 839–844 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-0078-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-0078-6

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