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Pelvic Vein Embolisation in the Management of Varicose Veins

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology volume 31, pages 1159–1164 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

Pelvic vein incompetence is common in patients with atypical varicose veins, contributing to their recurrence after surgery. Therefore, refluxing pelvic veins should be identified and treated. We present our experience with pelvic vein embolisation in patients presenting with varicose veins. Patients presenting with varicose veins with a duplex-proven contribution from perivulval veins undergo transvaginal duplex sonography (TVUS) to identify refluxing pelvic veins. Those with positive scans undergo embolisation before surgical treatment of their lower limb varicose veins. A total of 218 women (mean age of 46.3 years) were treated. Parity was documented in the first 60 patients, of whom 47 (78.3%) were multiparous, 11 (18.3%) had had one previous pregnancy, and 2 (3.3%) were nulliparous. The left ovarian vein was embolised in 78%, the right internal iliac in 64.7%, the left internal iliac in 56.4%, and the right ovarian vein in 42.2% of patients. At follow-up TVUS, mild reflux only was seen in 16, marked persistent reflux in 6, and new reflux in 3 patients. These 9 women underwent successful repeat embolisation. Two patients experienced pulmonary embolisation of the coils, of whom 1 was asymptomatic and 1 was successfully retrieved; 1 patient had a misplaced coil protruding into the common femoral vein; and 1 patient had perineal thrombophlebitis. The results of our study showed that pelvic venous embolisation by way of a transjugular approach is a safe and effective technique in the treatment of pelvic vein reflux.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, St. George’s Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK

    Lakshmi A. Ratnam

  2. The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7RF, UK

    Petra Marsh, Judy M. Holdstock, Charmaine S. Harrison & Mark S. Whiteley

  3. Department of Radiology, The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU27 1HA, UK

    Fuad F. Hussain & Anthony Lopez

Authors
  1. Lakshmi A. Ratnam
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  2. Petra Marsh
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  3. Judy M. Holdstock
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  4. Charmaine S. Harrison
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  5. Fuad F. Hussain
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  6. Mark S. Whiteley
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  7. Anthony Lopez
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Correspondence to Anthony Lopez.

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Ratnam, L.A., Marsh, P., Holdstock, J.M. et al. Pelvic Vein Embolisation in the Management of Varicose Veins. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 31, 1159–1164 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-008-9402-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-008-9402-9

Keywords

  • Pelvic vein embolisation
  • Recurrent varicose veins
  • Vulval varices
  • Pelvic congestion syndrome