Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of CO2 splenoportography with the “skinny” needle. Methods: A flexible, 22 gauge needle (“skinny” needle) was introduced into the exteriorized spleens of five pigs. After checking the intrasplenic positioning with CO2 injection, increasing doses of CO2 (10–60 cm3) were injected using a dedicated CO2 injector with digital imaging. The puncture sites were observed during and after CO2 injections, and after removal of the needle. The spleens were then removed for gross and microscopic examination. Results: In all animals digital subtraction CO2 splenoportograms showed the splenic, extra- and intrahepatic portal veins, and the most distal portion of the superior mesenteric vein. No CO2 extravasation occurred in the spleen. There was no significant bleeding from the puncture site after removal of the needle. Gross and microscopic examination revealed no evidence of splenic rupture or intrasplenic hematoma. Conclusion: CO2 splenoportography with the “skinny” needle is a safe and simple method of visualizing the portal vein and its branches. Careful appraisals of the clinical usefulness of the method will be needed in various clinical settings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
MM Figley (1958) ArticleTitleSplenoportography: Some advantages and disadvantages. Radiology 80 313–323 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CyeC3c3mtVI%3D
WF Panke EG Bradley AH Moreno FF Jr Ruzicka LM Rouselot (1959) ArticleTitleTechnique, hazards, and usefulness of percutaneous splenic portography. JAMA 169 1032–1037 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CyaD28%2FjtFc%3D
JH Foster DM Conkle JM Crane H Burko (1974) ArticleTitleSplenoportography: An assessment of its value and risk. Ann Surg 179 773–781 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSuC2cjkt1A%3D Occurrence Handle4856771
JJ Weitzman P Stanley (1978) ArticleTitleSplenoportography in the pediatric age group. J Pediatr Surg 13 707–712 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSaD1M%2Fks10%3D Occurrence Handle310453
O Zamir P Mogle O Lernau S Nissan (1984) ArticleTitleSplenoportography: A reappraisal. Am J Gastroenterol 79 283–286 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiuC2srpt1Q%3D Occurrence Handle6538746
SD Braun GE Newman NR Dunnick (1985) ArticleTitleDigital splenoportography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 144 1003–1004 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiqC2s7lslU%3D Occurrence Handle3885687
A Brazzini DW Hunter MD Darcy TP Smith AH Cragg WR Castaneda-Zuniga K Amplatz (1987) ArticleTitleSafe splenoportography. Radiology 162 607–609 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiiC3MfptVY%3D Occurrence Handle3809471
N Farid F Balkanci S Guran S Senaati A Besim (1991) ArticleTitleA digital splenoportography: More sensitive method of detecting spontaneous splenorenal shunt. Angiology 42 754–759 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By2D38npvFU%3D Occurrence Handle1928817
JJ Weitzman P Stanley (1978) ArticleTitleSplenoportography in the pediatric age group. J Pediatr Surg 13 707–712 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSaD1M%2Fks10%3D Occurrence Handle310453
JW Jr Maxwell FC Jackson (1967) ArticleTitleSplenoportography using a plastic hubbed catheter. Surg Gynecol Obstet 124 362–364 Occurrence Handle6066739
P Probst JA Rysavy K Amplatz (1978) ArticleTitleImproved safety of splenoportography by plugging of the needle tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol 131 445–449 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSeB2MzosFI%3D Occurrence Handle98987
Kogutt MS, Jander HP (1977) Splenoportography: A valuable diagnostic technique, revisited. Southern Med J 70:1210–1212
Dilawari JB, Chawla YK, Raju GS, Kaur U, Bambery P (1987) Safety of splenoportovenography as an outpatient procedure. Lancet 2 (8550):101
K Okuda K Tanikawa T Emura et al. (1974) ArticleTitleNonsurgical, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography: Diagnostic significance in medical problems of the liver. Am J Dig Dis 19 21–36 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CSuD28zis1M%3D Occurrence Handle4809028
R Jr Pereiras RO Chiprut RA Greenwald ER Schiff (1977) ArticleTitlePercutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the “skinny” needle: A rapid, simple, and accurate method in the diagnosis of cholestasis. Ann Intern Med 86 562–568 Occurrence Handle851304
SR Kerns IF Jr Hawkins FW Sabatelli (1995) ArticleTitleCarbon dioxide angiography: Expanding applications and evolution of technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164 735–741
IF Jr Hawkins JG Caridi SD Klioze CR Mladinich (2001) ArticleTitleModified plastic bag system with O-ring fitting connection for carbon dioxide angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176 229–232 Occurrence Handle11133571
FA Hipona WM Park (1967) ArticleTitleCapnosplenoportography: Assessment of portal vein patency in dogs with carbon dioxide gas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 99 606–611 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CCiC383ntFc%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cho, K., Cho, D. CO2 Digital Subtraction Splenoportography with the “Skinny” Needle: Experimental Study in a Swine Model . CVIR 26, 273–276 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-003-2655-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-003-2655-4