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Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting in Surgically High-Risk Patients Using the Carotid Wallstent Endoprosthesis: Midterm Clinical and Ultrasound Follow-Up Results

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and midterm outcome of elective implantation of the Carotid Wallstent® in patients considered to be at high surgical risk. In a prospective study, 54 carotid artery stenoses in 51 patients were stented over a 24-month period. Three patients underwent bilateral carotid artery stenting. Institutional inclusion criteria for invasive treatment of carotid occlusive disease (carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting) are patients presenting with a 70% or more symptomatic stenosis and those with an 80% or more asymptomatic stenosis having a life-expectancy of more than 1 year. All patients treated by carotid artery stenting were considered at high risk for carotid endarterectomy because of a hostile neck (17 patients—31.5%) or because of severe comorbidities (37 patients—68.5%). No cerebral protection device was used. Of the 54 lesions, 33 (61.1%) were symptomatic and 21 (38.8%) were asymptomatic. Follow-up was performed by physical examination and by duplex ultrasonography at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the procedure. All 54 lesions could be stented successfully without periprocedural stroke. Advert events during follow-up (mean 13.9 ± 5.7 months) were non-stroke-related death in 6 patients (11.1%), minor stroke in 4 stented hemispheres (7.4%), transient ipsilateral facial pain in 1 patient (1.8%), infection of the stented surgical patch in 1 patient (1.8%) and asymptomatic instent restenosis in 4 patients (7.4%). The percutaneous implantation of the Carotid Wallstent®, even without cerebral protection device, appears to be a safe procedure with acceptable clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up results in patients at high surgical risk. But some late adverse events such as ipsilateral recurrence of non-disabling (minor) stroke or instent restenosis still remain real challenging problems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Hospitals, Department of Interventional Radiology, Leuven, Belgium

    Geert Maleux & Johan Vaninbroukx

  2. University Hospitals, Department of Vascular Surgery, Leuven, Belgium

    Pauwel Bernaerts, Kim Daenens, Inge Fourneau & André Nevelsteen

  3. University Hospitals, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium

    Vincent Thijs

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  1. Geert Maleux
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  2. Pauwel Bernaerts
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  3. Vincent Thijs
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Correspondence to Geert Maleux.

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Maleux, G., Bernaerts, P., Thijs, V. et al. Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting in Surgically High-Risk Patients Using the Carotid Wallstent Endoprosthesis: Midterm Clinical and Ultrasound Follow-Up Results . CVIR 26, 340–346 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-003-0039-4

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