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Effect of non-hydrostatic conditions on the elastic behaviour of magnetite: an in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study

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Abstract

The high-pressure elastic behaviour and the pressure-induced structural evolution of synthetic magnetite were investigated up to 11.11(5) GPa by means of in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell, using the mix methanol:ethanol:water = 16:3:1 as pressure-transmitting medium and the ruby-fluorescence method for pressure-calibration. The evolution of the ruby R1-fluorescence line with P, with a drastic increase of the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the Lorentzian profile at P > 9 GPa, shows that the P-medium is not hydrostatic above 9 GPa. Such a condition is well reflected by the drastic increase (by 20–22%) of the FWHM of the diffraction peak profiles of magnetite, by the behaviour of the Eulerian finite strain versus normalized pressures plot (f e –F e plot) and by the slight EoS-misfit. However, the diffraction data collected during decompression showed a reversible/complete restoration of the diffraction profiles and of the elastic behaviour in the f e –F e plot. The reflection conditions dictated by the \( Fd\bar 3m \) space group confirm that symmetry of magnetite is maintained within the P-range investigated. The structural refinements performed at 0.0001, 4.99(3) and 9.21(8) GPa show that the evolution of the oxygen u-parameter is almost constant within the P-range investigated. A weighted linear regression through the data points gives only a slight negative slope and no discontinuity is observed within the P-range investigated. A similar continuous behaviour is also observed in the evolution of the T- and M-polyhedral volumes, bond distances and angles with P. On the basis of data reported in this study, it appears that the elastic behaviour and the structural evolution of magnetite is drastically influenced by the experimental conditions (i.e., hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic), and diffraction data of magnetite collected under non-hydrostatic conditions are unusable for a reliable description of the elastic behaviour and for the P-induced structural rearrangements. Comparisons are carried out between the experimental findings of this study and those reported in the previous ones, in which an inverse-to-direct spinel phase transition at P > 8 GPa is suggested.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Antonio Della Giusta and Umberto Russo (University of Padova) for their valuable suggestions. This study was funded by the European Union under the FP-6 Research Infrastructures—Transnational Access Programme (2005–2008) to use the experimental and analytical facilities of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut. The Editor, M. Rieder, and three reviewers are thanked for their useful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli, 23, 20133, Milan, Italy

    G. Diego Gatta

  2. CNR-Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali, Milan, Italy

    G. Diego Gatta

  3. Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

    I. Kantor, T. Boffa Ballaran, L. Dubrovinsky & C. McCammon

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  1. G. Diego Gatta
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  2. I. Kantor
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  3. T. Boffa Ballaran
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  5. C. McCammon
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Correspondence to G. Diego Gatta.

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Gatta, G.D., Kantor, I., Boffa Ballaran, T. et al. Effect of non-hydrostatic conditions on the elastic behaviour of magnetite: an in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Phys Chem Minerals 34, 627–635 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-007-0177-3

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