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Basal slip and texture development in calcite: new results from torsion experiments

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Abstract

The deformation behavior of calcite has been of longstanding interest. Through experiments on single crystals, deformation mechanisms were established such as mechanical twinning on \({\mathbf{e}} = \{ \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}018\} {\left\langle {40\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{4}1} \right\rangle }\) in the positive sense and slip on \({\mathbf{r}} = \{ 10\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}4\} {\left\langle {20\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{2}\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}} \right\rangle }\) and \({\mathbf{f}} = \{ \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}012\} {\left\langle {0\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{2}2\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}} \right\rangle },\) both in the negative sense. More recently it was observed that at higher temperatures \({\mathbf{f}}\{ \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}012\} {\left\langle {10\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}1} \right\rangle }\) slip in both senses becomes active and, based on slip line analysis, it was suggested that \({\mathbf{c}}(0001){\left\langle {11\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{2}0} \right\rangle }\) slip may occur. So far there had been no direct evidence for basal slip, which is the dominant system in dolomite. With new torsion experiments on calcite single crystals at 900 K and transmission electron microscopy, this study identifies \((0001){\left\langle {11\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{2}0} \right\rangle }\) slip unambiguously by direct imaging of dislocations and diffraction contrast analysis. Including this slip system in polycrystal plasticity simulations, enigmatic texture patterns observed in compression and torsion of calcite rocks at high temperature can now be explained, resolving a long-standing puzzle.

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Acknowledgments

We are appreciative to M. Naumann, S. Gehrmann and K. Peach for help with deformation experiments and sample preparation. Texture measurements were performed at beamline 11 ID of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne with help by Y. Ren. We also thank J. Silver for access to the electron microscope. Reviews by Karsten Kunze and Chris Spiers were very helpful indeed. HRW is grateful for hospitality at the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam during a sabbatical leave. Research was supported by NSF (EAR 0337006) and DOE (DE-FG02-05ER15637), and a postdoctoral fellowship EX2005-0490MEC (JGB). The Humboldt Museum in Berlin kindly provided the calcite crystal used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Centre, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK

    D. J. Barber

  2. Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK

    D. J. Barber

  3. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    H.-R. Wenk & J. Gomez-Barreiro

  4. GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    E. Rybacki & G. Dresen

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  1. D. J. Barber
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Correspondence to H.-R. Wenk.

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Barber, D.J., Wenk, HR., Gomez-Barreiro, J. et al. Basal slip and texture development in calcite: new results from torsion experiments. Phys Chem Minerals 34, 73–84 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-006-0129-3

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