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Surgically Correctable Congenital Anomalies: Reducing Morbidity and Mortality in the First 8000 Days of Life

World Journal of Surgery volume 47, pages 3408–3418 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to review the common surgically correctable congenital anomalies with recent updates on the global disease burden and identify the factors affecting morbidity and mortality.

Method

A literature review was done to assess the burden of surgical congenital anomalies with emphasis on those that present within the first 8000 days of life. The various patterns of diseases were analyzed in both low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC).

Results

Surgical problems such as digestive congenital anomalies, congenital heart disease and neural tube defects are now seen more frequently. The burden of disease weighs more heavily on LMIC. Cleft lip and palate has gained attention and appropriate treatment within many countries, and its care has been strengthened by global surgical partnerships. Antenatal scans and timely diagnosis are important factors affecting morbidity and mortality. The frequency of pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of a congenital anomaly is lower in many LMIC than in HIC.

Conclusion

Congenital heart disease and neural tube defects are the most common congenital surgical diseases; however, easily treatable gastrointestinal anomalies are underdiagnosed due to the invisible nature of the condition. Current healthcare systems in most LMICs are still unprepared to tackle the burden of disease caused by congenital anomalies. Increased investment in surgical services is needed.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. No competing financial interests exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chittagong Research Institute for Children Surgery (CRICS), Panchlaish, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh

    Tahmina Banu & Tasmiah Tahera Aziz

  2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Shilpa Sharma

  3. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College and Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury

  4. Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Bristol Children’s Hospital, Bristol, UK

    Benjamin Martin

  5. Pediatric Surgery Unit, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

    Justina O. Seyi-Olajide

  6. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

    Emmanuel Ameh

  7. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Doruk Ozgediz & Ava Yap

  8. Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

    Kokila Lakhoo

  9. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0739, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0739, USA

    Stephen W. Bickler

  10. Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    John G. Meara

  11. Global Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

    Donald Bundy

  12. Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Dean T. Jamison

  13. Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Greg Klazura

  14. Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Alicia Sykes

  15. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Godfrey Sama Philipo

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  1. Tahmina Banu
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  2. Shilpa Sharma
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  4. Tasmiah Tahera Aziz
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  5. Benjamin Martin
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TB, JSO, EA, DO, KL, SWB, JGM DB, DTJ, GK, AS, AY, and GSP did study conception and design. TKC, TTA, and BM reviewed the literature . TB, SS, TKC, TTA wrote the manuscript. TB, JSO, EA, DO, KL, SWB, JGM DB, DTJ, GK, AS, AY, GSP done critical revision.

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Correspondence to Tahmina Banu.

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Surgical Symposium Contribution: This article is a contribution to the Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery (GICS) Symposium.

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Banu, T., Sharma, S., Chowdhury, T.K. et al. Surgically Correctable Congenital Anomalies: Reducing Morbidity and Mortality in the First 8000 Days of Life. World J Surg 47, 3408–3418 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-023-07087-1

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