Abstract
Background
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) are often the first-line treatments for acute cholecystitis, instead of surgical cholecystectomy. This retrospective study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of PTGBA and PTGBD and evaluate the risks of treatment failure among patients undergoing PTGBA before surgical cholecystectomy.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 99 patients who underwent PTGBA or PTGBD as the first-line treatment before surgical cholecystectomy, between January 2014 and December 2019. Patient characteristics, computed tomography (CT) findings, and post-treatment outcomes were compared between the PTGBA and PTGBD groups. Additionally, risk factors, including CT findings for PTGBA failure, were assessed using multivariate univariate analysis with a backward selection model.
Results
Acute cholecystitis was not controlled in 21 of 47 (44.7%) patients in the PTGBA group and one of 52 patients (1.9%) in the PTGBD group (P < .001). Subsequent multiple logistic regression analysis identified the contrast effect of the gallbladder bed in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced CT (odds ratio [OR] 9.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–40.4, P = 0.003) and onset within 3 days (odds ratio [OR] 6.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–29.0, P = 0.018) as independent risk factors for PTGBA failure.
Conclusions
PTGBA is more prone to failure than PTGBD; however, it is a simpler gallbladder drainage treatment method without the need for X-ray fluoroscopy and catheter management after the procedure. Evaluating the risk of PTGBA failure using CT findings and onset date would help us choose a drainage approach more effectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CRP:
-
C-reactive protein
- PTGBA:
-
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration
- PTGBD:
-
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage
- PTGBI:
-
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder intervention
- TG:
-
Tokyo guidelines
References
Miura F, Takada T, Strasberg SM et al (2013) TG13 flowchart for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 20:47–54
Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takada T et al (2018) Tokyo guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 25:55–72
Lai P, Kwong K, Leung K et al (1998) Randomized trial of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 85:764–767
Zhu B, Zhang Z, Wang Y et al (2012) Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis within and beyond 72 h of symptom onset during emergency admissions. World J Surg 36:2654–2658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1709-7
Harai S, Mochizuki H, Kojima Y et al (2019) Validation of Tokyo guideline 2013 as treatment of acute cholecystitis by real world data. J Dig Dis 37:303–308
Chopra S, Dodd GD III, Mumbower AL et al (2001) Treatment of acute cholecystitis in non-critically ill patients at high surgical risk: comparison of clinical outcomes after gallbladder aspiration and after percutaneous cholecystostomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176:1025–1031
Ke C-W, Wu S-D (2018) Comparison of emergency cholecystectomy with delayed cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in patients with moderate acute cholecystitis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 28:705–712
Abe K, Suzuki K, Yahagi M et al (2019) The efficacy of PTGBD for acute cholecystitis based on the Tokyo guidelines 2018. World J Surg 43:2789–2796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05117-5
Na B-G, Yoo Y-S, Mun S-P et al (2015) The safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg Treat Res 89:68–73
Loozen CS, van Santvoort HC, van Duijvendijk P et al (2018) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients (CHOCOLATE): multicentre randomised clinical trial. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3965
Haas I, Lahat E, Griton Y et al (2016) Percutaneous aspiration of the gall bladder for the treatment of acute cholecystitis: a prospective study. Surg Endosc 30:1948–1951
Chung JH, Kim SG, Kim YS et al (2013) Clinical usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 47:288–290
Komatsu S, Tsuchida S, Tsukamoto T et al (2016) Current role of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration: from palliative to curative management for acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 23:708–714
Komatsu S, Tsukamoto T, Iwasaki T et al (2014) Role of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration in the early management of acute cholecystitis. J Dig Dis 15:669–675
Tsutsui K, Uchida N, Hirabayashi S et al (2007) Usefulness of single and repetitive percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. J Gastroenterol 42:583–588
Ito K, Fujita N, Noda Y et al (2004) Percutaneous cholecystostomy versus gallbladder aspiration for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:193–196
Itoi T, Takada T, Hwang TL et al (2017) Percutaneous and endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: international multicenter comparative study using propensity score-matched analysis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 24:362–368
Fuks D, Mouly C, Robert B et al (2012) Acute cholecystitis: preoperative CT can help the surgeon consider conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Radiology 263:128–138
Woo S, Lee W, Seol S et al (2018) The accuracies of abdominal computed tomography and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio used to predict the development of clinically severe acute cholecystitis in elderly patients visiting an emergency department. Niger J Clin Pract 21:645–652
Yamashita K, Jin MJ, Hirose Y et al (1995) CT finding of transient focal increased attenuation of the liver adjacent to the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164:343–346
Matsui O, Takashima T, Kadoya M et al (1987) Staining in the liver surrounding gallbladder fossa on hepatic arteriography caused by increased cystic venous drainage. Gastrointest Radiol 12:307–312
Yamada K, Yamashita Y, Yamada T et al (2015) Optimal timing for performing percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and subsequent cholecystectomy for better management of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 22:855–861
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Hiroshi Imamura for supporting the statistical research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors disclose no conflicts.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained through an opt-out request from the hospital website.
Human and animal rights
This study was approved by the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (approval number: NCGM-G-004109–00).
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Nakamura, Y., Kuwahara, M., Ito, K. et al. Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Intervention as a Bridge to Cholecystectomy: Aspiration or Drainage?. World J Surg 47, 1721–1728 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-023-06987-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-023-06987-6