Abstract
Background
The supposed adverse effect of involved resection margin during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary carcinoma or pancreatic head carcinoma (CaP) on long-term oncological outcomes is still inconclusive.
Methods
This is a retrospective study on periampullary carcinoma undergoing PD. Patients with R0 (margin clear) resection were compared to patients with R1 (microscopically directly involved margin) resection. Patients with gross involved margin (R2 resection) were excluded. Long-term oncological outcomes measured included incidence and site of recurrent disease, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). A subgroup analysis was made on patients with CaP.
Results
Between January 2003 and December 2019, 203 PD were identified for present study. The incidence of R1 resection was common (12% in periampullary carcinoma and 20% in CaP). In periampullary carcinoma, R1 resection had greater proportion of CaP, lesser proportion of carcinoma of ampulla (CaA), more perineural invasion, more lymph node (LN) metastasis. R1 group had a shorter OS and DFS, but no difference in the incidence and site of recurrent disease. In the subgroup of CaP (91 patients), R1 group did not differ from R0 group except for more LN metastasis. There was no difference in incidence and site of recurrent disease, OS and DFS. On multivariable analysis, R1 resection was not an independent factor for OS and DFS for periampullary carcinoma or for CaP only.
Conclusion
Involved resection margin was not uncommon. It was not associated with higher incidence of recurrent disease including local recurrence, and was not an independent prognosticator for OS and DFS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD et al (2002) Pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without distal gastrectomy and extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma, part 2: randomized controlled trial evaluating survival, morbidity, and mortality. Ann Surg 236(3):355–366
Farnell MB, Pearson RK, Sarr MG et al (2005) A prospective randomized trial comparing standard pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy in resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. Surgery 138:618–628
Nimura Y, Nagino M, Takao S et al (2012) Standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in radical pancreatoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: long-term results of a Japanese multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 19:230–241
Howard TJ, Krug JE, Yu J et al (2006) A margin-negative R0 resection accomplished with minimal postoperative complications is the surgeon’s contribution to long-term survival in pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 10:1338–1345
Raut CP, Tseng JF, Sun CC et al (2007) Impact of resection status on pattern of failure and survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 246:52–60
Butturini G, Stocken DD, Wente MN et al (2008) Influence of resection margins and treatment on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 143:75–83
Kang CM, Kim DH, Choi GH, Kim KS, Choi JS, Lee WJ (2009) Detrimental effect of postoperative complications on oncologic efficacy of R0 pancreatectomy in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 13:907–914
Hatzaras I, George N, Muscarella P, Melvin WS, Ellison EC, Bloomston M (2010) Predictors of survival in periampullary cancers following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 17:991–997
Li CG, Zhou ZP, Tan XL et al (2019) Impact of resection margins on long-term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 7:4186–4195
Jamiyan T, Shiraki T, Kurata Y, Ichinose M, Kubota K, Imai Y (2020) Clinical impacts of resection margin status and clinicopathologic parameters on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 18:137
Ghaneh P, Kleeff J, Halloran CM et al (2019) The impact of positive resection margins on survival and recurrence following resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 269:520–529
Crippa S, Giannone F, Schiavo Lena M et al (2021) R status is a relevant prognostic factor for recurrence and survival after pancreatic head resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 28:4602–4612
Lee KF, Wong KKC, Lo EYJ et al (2022) What is the pancreatic duct size limit for a safe duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy? A retrospective study. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 26:84–90
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213
Bassi C, Marchegiani G, Dervenis C et al (2017) The 2016 update of the International Study Group (ISGPS) definition and grading of postoperative pancreatic fistula: 11 Years After. Surgery 161:584–591
Chandrasegaram MD, Goldstein D, Simes J et al (2015) Meta-analysis of radical resection rates and margin assessment in pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg 102:1459–1472
Bockhorn M, Uzunoglu FG, Adham M et al (2014) Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a consensus statement by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS). Surgery 155:977–988
Chang DK, Johns AL, Merrett ND et al (2009) Margin clearance and outcome in resected pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 27:2855–2862
Jamieson NB, Chan NI, Foulis AK, Dickson EJ, McKay CJ, Carter CR (2013) The prognostic influence of resection margin clearance following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 17:511–521
Gebauer F, Tachezy M, Vashist YK et al (2015) Resection margin clearance in pancreatic cancer after implementation of the Leeds Pathology Protocol (LEEPP): clinically relevant or just academic? World J Surg 39:493–499
Büchler MW, Werner J, Weitz J (2010) R0 in pancreatic cancer surgery: surgery, pathology, biology, or definition matters? Ann Surg 251:1011–1012
Esposito I, Kleeff J, Bergmann F et al (2008) Most pancreatic cancer resections are R1 resections. Ann Surg Oncol 15:1651–1660
Strobel O, Hank T, Hinz U et al (2017) pancreatic cancer surgery: the new R-status counts. Ann Surg 265:565–573
Leonhardt CS, Niesen W, Kalkum E et al (2022) Prognostic relevance of the revised R status definition in pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis. BJS Open 6(2):zrac010.
Tummers WS, Groen JV, Sibinga Mulder BG et al (2019) Impact of resection margin status on recurrence and survival in pancreatic cancer surgery. Br J Surg 106:1055–1065
Conroy T, Hammel P, Hebbar M et al (2018) FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine as adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med 379:2395–2406
Uesaka K, Boku N, Fukutomi A et al (2016) Adjuvant chemotherapy of S-1 versus gemcitabine for resected pancreatic cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial (JASPAC 01). Lancet 388:248–257
Tol JA, Gouma DJ, Bassi C (2014) Definition of a standard lymphadenectomy in surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a consensus statement by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS). Surgery 156:591–600
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Mr. Philip Ip for his assistance with data keeping, processing and statistical analysis.
Funding
Grant support: nil.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, Kf., Lok, Ht., Fung, A.K.Y. et al. The Impact of Involved Resection Margin on Recurrence and Survival After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Carcinoma, with Emphasis on Pancreatic Head Carcinoma. World J Surg 47, 717–728 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-022-06816-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-022-06816-2