Abstract
Background
Women in surgery are often told that they are not “tough enough” to be surgeons. A Grit Score provides a validated measure of passion and perseverance, which are aspects of “toughness.”
Methods
Survey data were collected from residents and attendings in all surgical fields through multiple surgical societies. Grit and burnout were measured using validated measures.
Results
Among surgeons, gender did not have an impact on Grit Score. Burnout had a statistically significant inverse relationship with Grit Score, and women were more likely to report burnout compared to men surgeons.
Conclusions
Women in surgery have just as much grit as their male counterparts. Grit should not be a factor in women pursuing a career in surgery.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AAMC, (2018) Active Physicians by Sex and Specialty, 2017. AMA Physician Masterfile December 2017. https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/active-physicians-sex-and-specialty-2017
AM GL, Pories S, Parangi S et al (2019) Barriers to Pursuing a Career in Surgery: An Institutional Survey of Harvard Medical School Students. Ann Surg 273(6):1120–1126
Cochran A, Neumayer LB, Elder WB (2019) Barriers to careers identified by women in academic surgery: a grounded theory model. Am J Surg 218(4):780–785
Duckworth AL, Peterson C, Matthews MD et al (2007) Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. J Pers Soc Psychol 92(6):1087–1101
Reed AJ, Schmitz D, Baker E et al (2012) Association of “grit” and satisfaction in rural and nonrural doctors. J Am Board Fam Med 25(6):832–839
Halliday L, Walker A, Vig S et al (2017) Grit and burnout in UK doctors: a cross-sectional study across specialties and stages of training. Postgrad Med J 93(1101):389–394
Salles A, Lin D, Liebert C et al (2017) Grit as a predictor of risk of attrition in surgical residency. Am J Surg 213(2):288–291
Duckworth A, Gross JJ (2014) Self-control and grit: related but separable determinants of success. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 23(5):319–325
Duckworth AL, Quinn PD (2009) Development and validation of the short grit scale (grit–s). J Pers Assess 91(2):166–174
Knox M, Willard-Grace R, Huang B et al (2018) Maslach Burnout Inventory and a self-defined, single-item burnout measure produce different clinician and staff burnout estimates. J Gen Intern Med 33(8):1344–1351
Dolan ED, Mohr D, Lema M et al (2015) Using a single item to measure burnout in primary care staff: a psychometric evaluation. J Gen Intern Med 30(5):582–587
Rojas JP, Reser JA, Usher EL et al (2012) Psychometric properties of the academic grit scale. University of Kentucky, Lexington
Jaeger B, Freeman S, Whalen R et al (2010) Successful students: smart or tough. In: Proceedings, ASEE Annual Convention, Paper AC. 1033, 26–29
Batres I (2011) The relationship of grit, subjective happiness and meaning in life on alternative education students' GPA and attendance. University of La Verne
Chang W, (2014) Grit and academic performance: Is being grittier better?. University of Miami Scholarly Repository
Bazelais P, Lemay DJ, Doleck T (2016) How does grit impact college students’ academic achievement in science? Eur J Sci Math Educ 4(1):33–43
Alzerwi NAN (2020) Effects of grit on the academic performance of medical students: a cross-sectional study at Majmaah University. Adv Med Educ Pract 11:419–425
Percy DB, Streith L, Wong H et al (2019) Mental toughness in surgeons: Is there room for improvement? Canadian journal of surgery. J canadien de chirurgie 62(6):482–487
Hu YY, Ellis RJ, Hewitt DB, Yang AD, Cheung EO, Moskowitz JT, Potts JR, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Nasca TJ, Bilimoria KY (2019) Discrimination, abuse, harassment, and burnout in surgical residency training. N Engl J Med 381(18):1741–1752
Pulcrano M, Evans SR, Sosin M (2016) Quality of life and burnout rates across surgical specialties: a systematic review. JAMA Surg 151(10):970–978
Silver JK, (2020) Her Time is Now Report. Version 2. https://sheleadshealthcare.com/
Gadjradj PS, Matawlie RH, Voigt I, Harhangi BS, Vieggeert-Lankamp CLAM (2020) Gender differences between male and female neurosurgeons: Is there equality for all? World Neurosurg 136:348–356
Walker A, Hines J, Brecknell J (2016) Survival of the Grittiest? Consultant surgeons are significantly grittier than their junior trainees. J Surg Educ 73(4):730–734
Wolfe MT, Patel PC (2016) Grit and self-employment: a multi-country study. Small Bus Econ 47(4):853–874
Arco-Tirado JL, Bojica A, Fernandez-Martin F et al (2019) Grit as predictor of entrepreneurship and self-employment in Spain. Front Psychol 10:389
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Angela Duckworth and Paolo Terni for their help with the study design and questionnaire development, as well as with general advice and support throughout the study.
Funding
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendices
Addendum A
Addendum B
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Betchen, S., Sarode, A., Pories, S. et al. Grit in Surgeons. World J Surg 45, 3033–3040 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06222-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06222-0