Undiagnosed Liver Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background

Chronic obstruction of the biliary system may cause hepatic fibrosis and liver failure. The purpose of this study was to define the incidence of unrecognized liver fibrosis in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods

Retrospective data were collected on patients undergoing PD during a 21-month period. Each patient had a core needle biopsy at the time of surgery by a hepatobiliary surgeon.

Results

This study identified 36 consecutive patients who were referred to a tertiary center and underwent pancreatoduodenectomy during a period of 21 months. The majority of patients, 32 (88.8%), were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Liver fibrosis was diagnosed in 23 (63.9%) patients. A total of 25 (69.4%) patients were found to have pathological evidence of cholestasis consistent with bile obstruction. Patients that were found to have evidence of obstruction had significantly increased odds that fibrosis stage 2 would be found on pathological diagnosis (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.20–38.02, Fisher’s exact test P value = 0.0312). There was no significant association in patients who were stented compared to non-stented patients and their diagnosis of high-grade fibrosis stage 2 (OR 1.5238, 95% CI 0.4019–5.7769, Fisher’s exact test P value = 0.7360).

Conclusions

An astonishing 63.9% of patients who underwent PD were diagnosed with stage 1–4 liver fibrosis and half (47.2%) had fibrosis stage of 2 or more. Further, stent status had no significant impact on the degree of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is currently underrecognized in patients undergoing PD, which is important for physicians to be conscious of as it is known that liver fibrosis increases morbidity and mortality.