Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Do Tumor Cavitation and Sex in Resected Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Correlate with Prognosis?

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Multiple factors have been reported as affecting the prognosis, and they affect the therapeutic outcomes of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Most studies focus on patients receiving combined-modality therapy, whereas there are few studies that focus on patients undergoing surgery alone. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for disease relapse and unfavorable prognosis in stage I NSCLC patients treated with surgery alone.

Methods

A total of 315 stage I NSCLC patients who were treated with surgery alone as the definitive therapy were identified. Risk factors for disease relapse and unfavorable prognosis were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Sex, tumor pathologic stage, and cavitating lung cancer were identified as independent risk factors for relapse and overall survival using the multivariate analysis. Sex, tumor pathologic stage, and cavitating lung cancer were identified as independent risk factors for early relapse, and sex and cavitating lung cancer were independent risk factors for late relapse.

Conclusion

Tumor cavitation, pathologic stage IB, and being male are predictors of poor outcome for patients with stage I NSCLC who undergo resection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Noguchi M, Morikawa A, Kawasaki M et al (1995) Small adenocarcinoma of the lung: histologic characteristics and prognosis. Cancer 75:2844–2852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mountain CF (1989) Value of the new TNM staging system for lung cancer. Chest 96:47s–49s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nesbitt JC, Putnam JB Jr, Walsh GL et al (1995) Survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 60:466–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shennib H, Bogart J, Herndon JE et al (2005) Video-assisted wedge resection and local radiotherapy for peripheral lung cancer in high-risk patients: the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9335, a phase II, multi-institutional cooperative group study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129:813–818

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mountain CF (1997) Revisions in the international system for staging lung cancer. Chest 111:1710–1717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Berger M, Thompson JR (1967) Cavitary carcinomatosis of the lungs: report of a case. Dis Chest 52:106–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Miller RR, McGregor DH (1980) Hemorrhage from carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 46:200–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kolodziejski LS, Dyczek S, Duda K et al (2003) Cavitated tumor as a clinical subentity in squamous cell lung cancer patients. Neoplasma 50:66–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chaudhuri MR (1973) Primary pulmonary cavitating carcinomas. Thorax 28:354–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lavoie RR, McDonald JR, Kling GA (1977) Cavitation of squamous carcinoma of the lung. Acta Cytol 21:210–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mouroux J, Padovani B, Elkaim D et al (1996) Should cavitated bronchopulmonary cancers be considered a separate entity? Ann Thorac Surg 61:530–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Miura H, Taira O, Hiraguri S et al (1998) Cavitating adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 4:154–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mooi WJ (1996) Common lung cancers. In: Hasleton PS (ed) Spencer’s pathology of the lung. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1009–1064

    Google Scholar 

  14. Johnson DH, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny WF et al (2004) Randomized phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:2184–2191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wallace RJ Jr, Cohen A, Awe RJ et al (1979) Carcinomatous lung abscess: diagnosis by bronchoscopy and cytopathology. JAMA 242:521–522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yamashita K, Matsunobe S, Tsuda T et al (1997) Intratumoral necrosis of lung carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in incremental dynamic computed tomography analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules? J Thorac Imaging 12:181–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Onn A, Choe DH, Herbst RS et al (2005) Tumor cavitation in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: epidermal growth factor receptor expression and prediction of poor outcome. Radiology 237:342–347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Salomon DS, Brandt R, Ciardiello F et al (1995) Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 19:183–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang SM, Harari PM (1999) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in cancer therapy: biology, rationale and preliminary clinical results. Invest New Drugs 17:259–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hale RJ, Buckley CH, Gullick WJ et al (1993) Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in cervical carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 46:149–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Maurizi M, Almadori G, Ferrandina G et al (1996) Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 74:1253–1257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wikstrand CJ, Bigner DD (1998) Prognostic applications of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligand, transforming growth factor-alpha. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:799–801

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gasinska A, Kolodziejski L, Niemiec J et al (2005) Clinical significance of biological differences between cavitated and solid form of squamous cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 49:171–179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bernard WF, Malcolm JA, Wylie RH (1962) The carcinomatous abscess: a clinical paradox. N Engl J Med 266:914–919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pentheroudakis G, Kostadima L, Fountzilas G et al (2004) Cavitating squamous cell lung carcinoma-distinct entity or not? Analysis of radiologic, histologic, and clinical features. Lung Cancer 45:349–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Minami H, Yoshimura M, Miyamoto Y et al (2000) Lung cancer in women: sex-associated differences in survival of patients undergoing resection for lung cancer. Chest 118:1603–1609

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wisnivesky JP, Halm EA (2007) Sex differences in lung cancer survival: do tumors behave differently in elderly women? J Clin Oncol 25:1705–1712

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ringer G, Smith JM, Engel AM et al (2005) Influence of sex on lung cancer histology, stage, and survival in a midwestern United States tumor registry. Clin Lung Cancer 7:180–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Tsao AS, Liu D, Lee JJ et al (2006) Smoking affects treatment outcome in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 106:2428–2436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yoshino I, Kawano D, Oba T et al (2006) Smoking status as a prognostic factor in patients with stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 81:1189–1193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tammemagi CM, Neslund Dudas C, Simoff M et al (2004) Smoking and lung cancer survival: the role of comorbidity and treatment. Chest 125:27–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jazieh AR, Hussain M, Howington JA et al (2000) Prognostic factors in patients with surgically resected stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 70:1168–1171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bryant AS, Cerfolio RJ (2008) Differences in outcomes between younger and older patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 85:1735–1739

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Asmis TR, Ding K, Seymour L et al (2008) Age and comorbidity as independent prognostic factors in the treatment of non small-cell lung cancer: a review of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group trials. J Clin Oncol 26:54–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Janssen-Heijnen ML, Schipper RM, Razenberg PP et al (1998) Prevalence of co-morbidity in lung cancer patients and its relationship with treatment: a population-based study. Lung Cancer 21:105–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Iizasa T, Suzuki M, Yasufuku K et al (2004) Preoperative pulmonary function as a prognostic factor for stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1896–1902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Chang MY, Mentzer SJ, Colson YL et al (2007) Factors predicting poor survival after resection of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134:850–856

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Birim O, Kappetein AP, van Klaveren RJ et al (2006) Prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 32:12–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Sean Lang and Dr. Hong Yang for their kind help in editing this manuscript. We also thank the Medical Record Division, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University for all their technical assistance with the project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Lung Cancer, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tian Jin Medical University, Tian Jin, 300060, People’s Republic of China

    Meng Wang, Yan-Jun Su, Jian You, Xiao-Liang Zhao & Chang-Li Wang

  2. Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tian Jin Medical University, Tian Jin, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Zhao

  3. Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tian Jin Medical University, Tian Jin, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Pan

Authors
  1. Meng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yi Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yan-Jun Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jian You
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiao-Liang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Chang-Li Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang-Li Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, M., Zhao, J., Pan, Y. et al. Do Tumor Cavitation and Sex in Resected Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Correlate with Prognosis?. World J Surg 33, 497–504 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9859-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9859-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation