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Concomitant Detection of Systemic Atherosclerotic Disease while Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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Abstract

Introduction

Although population screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has/had a significant impact on disease-specific mortality, coexisting systemic atherosclerosis represents the major impediment to improved longevity. We examined the feasibility and yield of full cardiovascular assessment concomitant with screening for AAA detection.

Methods

A total of 1032 asymptomatic men over the age of 50 years (328 were >60 years) underwent a detailed cardiac health questionnaire, sphygmomanometry, body mass index calculation, fasting lipid profiling, ultrasonographic (US) examination of their infrarenal aorta and carotid arteries, and treadmill exercise stress testing. Framingham and SCORE project estimations of the 10-year risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) of any cause were calculated for the men with an AAA and in those >60 years but with neither AAA nor known cardiac disease.

Results

Overall, we detected an AAA >3 cm in 30 men (2.9%). Unaddressed obesity, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, and hypercholesterolemia were commonly identified in individuals both with and without an AAA, being notably frequent in those >60 years without an AAA. The 10-year risk of IHD and CHD in those >60 years was similar regardless of whether an AAA was present. Doppler screening for significant carotid stenosis had detection rates similar to those for aortic US scanning, being most useful in those >65 years of age. Exercise stress testing, however, was of only limited value when used nonselectively.

Conclusions

Modifiable atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk can be readily detected in individuals presenting for AAA screening and are present to a significant degree at an earlier age. Consideration of selected, additional investigations is required to maximize the value of generalized screening programs.

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Acknowledgments

The Blackrock Clinic is a privately run hospital affiliated with physicians in St. Vincent’s University Hospital. Dr. Frances Sheehan is a shareholder in its Department of Preventative Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Vascular Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland

    D.F. Waterhouse, R.A. Cahill & S.J. Sheehan

  2. Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland

    D.F. Waterhouse, R.A. Cahill & S.J. Sheehan

  3. Department of Preventative Medicine, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland

    F. Sheehan

  4. Consultant Vascular Surgeon, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland

    S.J. Sheehan

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  1. D.F. Waterhouse
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Correspondence to S.J. Sheehan.

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Waterhouse, D., Cahill, R., Sheehan, F. et al. Concomitant Detection of Systemic Atherosclerotic Disease while Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. World J. Surg. 30, 1350–1359 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0604-x

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