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Hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I: Surgical trends and results of a 256-patient series from groupe d’Etude des Néoplasies endocriniennes multiples study group

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Abstract

The French and Belgian GENEM study group’s multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I) database was used to evaluate trends in clinical presentation, surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) (n=245), and prognostic factors for hypercalcemia correction among 256 MEN-I cases. The patients were retrieved through the GENEM network from various Belgian and French instititutions with the help of genetics laboratories. Among the 245 pHPT patients (96%), 42% were men. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 39.5 ± 13.3 years. Trends were studied for three periods: before 1986, from 1986 to 1990, and thereafter. After 1990 MEN-I patients were more often diagnosed with isolated pHPT (8%, 11%, 28%, for the three periods, respectively; p=0.002); it was seen more often in screened patients (31%, 28%, 53%; p=0.001), more often among those in already known MEN-I families (64%, 45%, 72%; p=0.005), and among those with lower preoperative calcemia (2.93, 2.87, 2.79 mmol/L; p=0.001). The age at pHPT diagnosis remained constant throughout the study. The percentage of cervical explorations dropped during the entire study (87%, 87%, 53%; p<0.0001). After 1985 the percentage of subtotal parathyroidectomies increased (25%, 59%, 51%; p=0.0004). Pathology disclosed more hyperplasias (59%, 85%, 74%; p=0.008). Postoperative hypercalcemia decreased (47%, 15%, 19%; p<0.0001); and postoperative hypocalcemia increased nonsignificantly (5%, 15%, 15%; p=0.1). Subtotal parathyroidectomy [odds ratio (OR) 13], no MEN-I family background (OR 3), and the most recent study period (>1985) (OR 3) were significant predictive factors of hypercalcemia correction according to the multivariate analysis. This is the first multicentric study on the management of MEN-I-related pHPT. Immediate postoperative hHPT cure increased, but only 80% of the operated patients were cured after 1990. Fifteen percent were hypocalcemic. Because MEN-I-related hHPT cure remains difficult to achieve, we advocate that subtotal parathyroidectomies be performed in specialized centers.

Résumé

Introduction. A partir de 245 cas d’hyperparathyroïdie (pHPT) enregistrés au groupe d’étude franco-belge du GENEM (96%), (256 cas de NEM1), on a analysé l’évolution de la présentation clinique, le résultat après traitement chirurgical et de son effet sur la maladie pHPT. Population et méthodes. Les patients ont été retrouvés grâce au réseau multicentrique du GENEM et avec l’aide des laboratoires d’analyse génétique. Parmi les 245 cas de pHPT, 42% étaient des hommes. L’âge moyen au moment du diagnostic a été de 39,5 ± 13,3 ans. Trois périodes ont été étudiées: avant 1986, de 1986 à 1990, et après 1990. Résultats. Après 1990, il s’agissait plus souvent d’pHPT isolées (8%-11%-28%, 0; p=0,002), plus souvent dépistées (31%-28%-53%, p=0,001), plus souvent au sein de familles NEM1 connues (64%-45%-72%, respectivement: p=0,005), et avec une calcémie plus basse (2,93-2,87-2,79, respectivement; mmol/L, p=0,001). L’âge au moment du diagnostic de pHPT n’a pas changé au cours du temps. Le pourcentage de patients opérés pour exploration cervicale a diminué (87%-87%-53%, respectivement; p<0,0001). Après 1985, le pourcentage de parathyroïdectomies subtotales a augmenté (25%-59%-51%, respectivement: p=0,0004). L’anatomo-pathologie a mis en évidence plus d’hyperplasies (59%-85%-74%, respectivement; p=0,008). L’hypercalcémie post-opératoire a diminué (47%-15%-19%, respectivement; p<0,0001) et l’hypocalcémie a augmenté non significativement (5%-5% – 15%, respectivement; p=0,1). La parathyroïdectomie subtotale (Odds ratio=13), l’absence d’autre atteinte familiale (Odds ratio=3), et la prise en charge après 1985 (Odds ratio=3) ont été les facteurs indépendants prédictifs d’un contrôle de la pHPT en analyse multivariée. Conclusion. Il s’agit de la première analyse multicentrique de la prise en charge de la pHPT des NEM1. Après 1990, la correction de la pHPT a été plus efficace mais seulement dans 80% des cas. Quinze pourcent des patients étaient hypocalcémiques. Ces constatations poussent à opérer les pHPT des NEM1 en centres spécialisés pour réaliser une parathyroïdectomie subtotale.

Resumen

Introducción: Se utilizó, para analizar los casos de hiperparatiroidismo (pHPT) (n=245) registrados como MEN L (n=256), el grupo de estudio franco-belga del GENEM. Se analizaron: La evolución clinica y el tratamiento quirúrgico y, sus efectos sobre la pHPT. Material y métodos: Los pacientes se descubrieron gracias a la red multicéntrica del GENEM y con la ayuda de laboratorios de análisis genético. Entre los 245 pHPT (96%), 42% eran varones. La edad media, en el momento del diagnóstico, fue de 39.5 ± 13.3 años. Su evolución se estudió en tres periodos de tiempo: antes de 1986, entre 1986 y 1990 y después de 1990. Resultados: Después de 1990 los casos de MEN 1 se diagnosticaron sobre todo por determinaciones aislada de pHPT (8%-11%-28%, p=0.002), se descubrieron con más frecuencia (31%-28%-53%, p=0.001), en especial en el seno de familias conocidas por padecer un MEN 1 (64%-45%-72%, p=0.005) y con calcemias más bajas (2.93-2.87-2.79 mmol/L, p=0.001). La edad, al efectuar el diagnóstico, no se ha modificado a lo largo del tiempo. El porcentaje de enfermos operados ha disminuido (87%-87%-53%, p<0.0001). A partir de 1985 el porcentaje de paratiroidectomias subtotales aumentó (25%-59%-51%, p=0.0004). Los estudios anatomopatológicos revelaron una mayor incidencia de hiperplasias (59%-85% -74%, p=0.008). La hipercalcemia postoperatoria ha disminuido (47%-15%-19%, p<0.0001) y la hipocalcemia aumentado, pero no significativamente (5%-5%-15%, p=0.1). En un análisis multivariante la paratiroidectomia subtotal (Odds ratio=13), la falta de antecedentes familiares de MEN 1 (Odds ratio=3) y la operación más precoz a partir de 1985 (Odds ratio=3), son los factores predictivos más significantes de la corrección de la hipercalcemia. Conclusión: Se trata del primer análisis multicéntrico del tratamiento del sÍndrome de MEN 1 referido a la pHPT. La curación del hHPT aumentó en el postoperatorio inmediato, pero sólo el 80% de los pacientes operados estaban curados después de 1990. 15% de los pacientes estaban hipocalcémicos. Dado que la curación de enfermos con síndrome de MEN 1 relacionado con hHPT es dificil, se aconseja realizar una paratiroidectomía subtotal en centros especializados.

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Correspondence to Pierre Goudet M.D..

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Goudet, P., Cougard, P., Vergès, B. et al. Hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I: Surgical trends and results of a 256-patient series from groupe d’Etude des Néoplasies endocriniennes multiples study group. World J. Surg. 25, 886–890 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-001-0046-z

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