Skip to main content
Log in

Hyperamylasemia and subclinical pancreatitis after cardiac surgery

  • Original Scientific Reports
  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery is common but typically causes no clinical concern because it consists mainly of the salivary isoenzyme. In this study we evaluated the incidence, source, and time course of postoperative hyperamylasemia with special attention to the possibility of subclinical pancreatitis. In 88 patients prospectively tested for serum amylase and lipase concentrations, elastase 1 activity, and amylase isoenzyme characteristics, 57 (64%) showed hyperamylasemia during the early postoperative period. In most cases early hyperamylasemia was not of pancreatic origin, but two patients were diagnosed with subclinical pancreatitis. Among the last 23 patients, 5 of 10 patients with early hyperamylasemia exceeding 1000 IU/L showed late hyperamylasemia on the seventh postoperative day, when it represented mainly the pancreatic isoenzyme. Lipase concentrations and elastase 1 activities were elevated in these cases. Late hyperamylasemia following cardiac surgery may be of pancreatic origin and indicative of subclinical pancreatitis, even if early hyperamylasemia was of salivary origin.

Résumé

L’hyperamylasémie après chirurgie cardiaque est fréquente mais entraîne habituellement peu de soucis car il s’agit le plus souvent de l’isoenzyme salivaire. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué l’incidence, la source et l’évolution dans le temps de l’hyperamylasémie postopératoire en tenant compte particulièrement de l’éventualité d’une pancréatite postopératoire infra-clinique. Chez 81 patients, analysés prospectivement pour l’amylase et la lipase sériques, l’activité en élastase l et les caractéristiques de l’isoenzyme, 57 (64%) avaient une hyperamylasémie en période postopératoire immédiate. Dans la plupart des cas, l’hyperamylasémie précoce n’était pas d’origine pancréatique, mais on a fait le diagnostic de pancréatite infraclinique chez deux patients. Parmi les 23 autres patients, 5 des 10 patients ayant une hyperamylasémie précoce au-dessus de 1000 IU/L avaient également une hyperamylasémie tardive au septième jour postopératoire, mais il s’agissait principalement d’enzyme d’origine pancréatique. Les concentrations en lipase et l’activité en élastase 1 étaient élevées dans ces cas. En conclusion, une hyperamylasémie tardive après chirurgie cardiaque peut être d’origine pancréatique et indique une pancréatite infra-clinique, même si l’hyperamylasémie précoce est d’origine salivaire.

Resumen

La hiperamilasemia tras cirugia cardiaca es habitual pero no tiene repercusión clinica pues se trata sobre todo de la isoenzima salival. En este estudio evaluamos la frecuencia, el origen y la duración de la hiperamilasemia postoperatoria, prestando especial atención a la posible aparición de una pancreatitis subclinica. En 88 pacientes se determinó prospectivamente la concentración sérica de amilasa, lipasa, actividad de la elastasa l y las caracteristicas de la isoenzimas de la amilasa. 57 (64%) de los pacientes presentaron hiperamilasemia en el postoperatorio precoz. En la mayoria de los casos esta hiperamilasemia no reconocía una etiología pancreática, pero 2 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de pancreatitis subclínica. Entre los 23 últimos pacientes, en 5 de 10, que presentaron hiperamilasemia precoz superior a los 1,000 IU/L, se constató hiperamilasemia al séptimo día del postoperatorio, debido, sobre todo, a la isoenzima pancreática. La concentración de lipasa y la actividad de la elastasa l también estaban elevadas en estos casos. La hiperamilasemia tardía, tras cirugía cardiaca puede tener un origen pancreático reflejando una pancreatitis subclínica, incluso si la hiperamilasemia precoz reconoce un origen salival.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Otsuki, M., Maeda, M., Yuu, H., Yamasaki, T., Okano, K., Saeki, S., Sakamoto, C., Baba, S.: The nature and origin of hyperamylasemia following open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Clin. Chim. Acta 77:349, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Missavage, A.E., Weaver, D.W., Bouwman, D.L., Parnell, V., Wilson, R.F.: Hyperamylasemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. Am. Surg. 50:297, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kazmierczak, S.C., Van Lente, F.: Incidence and source of hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery. Clin. Chem. 34:916, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rattner, D.W., Gu, Z.Y., Vlahakes, G.J., Warshaw, A.L.: Hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery. Ann. Surg. 209:279, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fernandez-del Castillo, C., Herringer, W., Warshaw, A.L., Vlahakes, G.J., Koski, G., Zaslavsky, A.M., Ratter, D.W.: Risk factors for pancreatic cellular injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. N. Engl. J. Med. 525:382, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  6. Svensson, L.G., Decker, G., Kinsley, R.B.: A prospective study of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 39:409, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Klar, E., Messmer, K., Warshaw, A.L., Herfarth, C.: Pancreatic ischemia in experimental acute pancreatitis: mechanisms, significance, and therapy. Br. J. Surg. 77:1205, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ohri, S.K., Somasundaram, S., Koak, Y.: The effect of intestinal hypoperfusion on intestinal absorption and permeability during cardiopulmonary bypass. Gastroenterology 106:318, 1994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hennings, B., Jacobson, G.: Postoperative amylase excretion: a study following thoracic surgery with and without extracorporeal circulation. Ann. Clin. Res. 6:215, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Smith, C.R., Schwartz, S.I.: Amylase: creatine clearance ratio, serum amylase, and lipase after operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgery 94:458, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Paajanen, H., Harmoinen, A., Sisto, T., Tarkka, M., Nordback, I.: Postoperative hyperamylasemia in cardiac surgery. Scand. Cardiovasc. J. 31:137, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Panebianco, A.C., Scott, S.M., Dart, C.H., Jr., Takaro, T., Echegaray, H.M.: Acute pancreatitis following extracorporeal circulation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 9:562. 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Haas, G.S., Warshaw, A.L., Daggett, W.M., Aretz, H.T.: Acute pancreatitis after cardiopulmonary bypass. Am. J. Surg. 149:508, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ikegami, H., Sumiyoshi, T., Ishizuka, N., Ueda, M., Inaba, T., Hosoda, S., Aomi, S., Endo, M., Hashimoto, A., Koyanagi, H.: Clinical characteristic of pancreatitis after cardiovascular surgery. J. Jpn. Assoc. Thorac. Surg. 43:1720. 1995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akio Ihaya M.D..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ihaya, A., Muraoka, R., Chiba, Y. et al. Hyperamylasemia and subclinical pancreatitis after cardiac surgery. World J. Surg. 25, 862–864 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-001-0041-4

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-001-0041-4

Keywords

Navigation