Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a management method to improve urban rivers, but most studies have been carried out at laboratory, micro, and meso levels, so it is necessary to study full-scale FTWs as a method to improve urban water bodies. In this experiment, the purification effects of water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) under staggered arrangement (SA) and centered arrangement (CA) were evaluated. It was found that the DO concentration and removal rate of CODMn, Chl-a, and TP in the SA were significantly higher than those in the CA in months with heavy rainfall. However, interestingly, for TP, August showed the opposite trend. The removal rates of NH4+-N and NO3−-N were significantly different throughout the test period. The biomass growth values of shoots and roots of plants in the FTWs were 0.40 ± 0.03 kg/m2 and 1.38 ± 0.07 kg/m2 in the SA and 0.32 ± 0.07 kg/m2 and 1.26 ± 0.30 kg/m2 in the CA. The increments of N absorbed by plants in the SA and CA were 7.08 ± 0.49 g/kg and 6.83 ± 0.07 g/kg, respectively, and the increments of P were 0.57 ± 0.02 g/kg and 0.32 ± 0.07 g/kg, respectively, which indicated that the growth status of plants in the FTWs in the SA was slightly better than that in the CA. In summary, the hybrid-constructed FTWs of both arrangements can effectively improve the water quality of urban rivers, and the effect of the SA was greater than that of the CA. The purification effect of in situ tests under different arrangement modes of hybrid-constructed FTWs was evaluated, which provides guidance and support for the field layout of FTWs in rivers in the future.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed in this study are available by the corresponding author on reasonable request (qyn_2017tju@163.com).
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Major Science and Technology program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China [grant number 2017ZX07106-004], the Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 52079087] and the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students [grant number 2021YJSB136]. We are also thankful to all our laboratory colleagues and research staff members for their constructive advice and help.
Funding
This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China [grant number 2017ZX07106-004], the Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 52079087] and the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students [grant number 2021YJSB136].
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Yanan Qiao. Manuscript conception and design were performed by Chao Ma. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Chao Ma. Manuscript revision and grammar correction were performed by Kui Xu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Qiao, Y., Ma, C. & Xu, K. Nutrient Removal by Floating Treatment Wetlands Under Different Spatial Arrangement Modes: a Field Study. Environmental Management 70, 420–430 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01677-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01677-w