Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare four risk assessment protocols for non-native species in neotropical regions and to assess the potential application of these tools for the management of invasive species and conservation of the ichthyofauna in Brazil. The protocols Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK), Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), European Non-Native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme (ENSARS) and Fish Invasiveness Screening Test (FIST) were applied for the species Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon rendalli, Poecilia reticulata and Apteronotus aff. albifrons, whose sources of introduction are aquaculture and fishkeeping. The species were classified as low, medium or high risk of invasion. The scores of the species O. niloticus, C. rendalli and P. reticulata classified them as high risk of invasion in all protocols, whereas A. aff. albifrons had medium risk in the protocols FISK and AS-ISK and low risk in the FIST. Although the results were similar for species whose impacts are widely described, less studied species may have their classification compromised by the lack of evidences in the literature. Despite the difficulties for practical application, the use of these tools may be encouraged, considering the potential threats of other invasive species emerging in Brazil. The comparison between the methods showed that the use of AS-ISK, combined with ENSARS in cases of introductions by aquaculture, provides important answers about ecological impacts on natural environments and about the stages of the aquaculture production chain that should be better inspected.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its Supplementary Information files.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank E. Tricarico and G.H. Copp for providing a copy of their electronic spreadsheet version of the ENSARS module questions for use in our study, and G.H. Copp for guidance in the application of the ENSARS scheme. The authors thank too the Ph.D. Sandra Carla Forneck for the valuable discussions during the conduction of this research and for reading the manuscript. Thanks also to Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financing the research (Process no. 405766/2016-5, Coordinator AMC). The author MPC thanks the CNPq for the doctoral scholarship (Process no. 141159/2018-9).
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Funding from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) is mentioned in the acknowledgments section.
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The sampling protocol used in the present study was subjected to a process of ethical review and approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Parana (CEUA – UFPR), in Palotina, PR, Brazil, under the Protocol no. 01/2018.
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de Camargo, M.P., Cunico, A.M. & Gomes, L.C. Biological Invasions in Neotropical Regions: Continental Ichthyofauna and Risk Assessment Protocols. Environmental Management 70, 307–318 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01671-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01671-2