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Explore Regional PM2.5 Features and Compositions Causing Health Effects in Taiwan

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Abstract

Chemical compositions of atmospheric fine particles like PM2.5 prove harmful to human health, particularly to cardiopulmonary functions. Multifaceted health effects of PM2.5 have raised broader, stronger concerns in recent years, calling for comprehensive environmental health-risk assessments to offer new insights into air-pollution control. However, there have been few studies adopting local air-quality-monitoring datasets or local coefficients related to PM2.5 health-risk assessment. This study aims to assess health effects caused by PM2.5 concentrations and metal toxicity using epidemiological and toxicological methods based on long-term (2007–2017) hourly monitoring datasets of PM2.5 concentrations in four cities of Taiwan. The results indicated that (1) PM2.5 concentrations and hazardous substances varied substantially from region to region, (2) PM2.5 concentrations significantly decreased after 2013, which benefited mainly from two actions against air pollution, i.e., implementing air-pollution-control strategies and raising air-quality standards for certain emission sources, and (3) under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, high health risks occurred in eastern Taiwan on account of toxic substances adsorbed on PM2.5 surface. It appears that under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, the results of epidemiological and toxicological health-risk assessments may not agree with each other. This raises a warning that air-pollution control needs to consider toxic substances adsorbed in PM2.5 and region-oriented control strategies are desirable. We hope that our findings and the proposed transferable methodology can call on domestic and foreign authorities to review current air-pollution-control policies with an outlook on the toxicity of PM2.5.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC (Grant number: MOST 106-3114-M-002-001-A, MOST 108-2119-M-002-017-A, and MOST 107-2811-M-002-3118). The datasets provided by the Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan, ROC, are acknowledged. The authors would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that are greatly contributive to improving the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Yi-Shin Wang & Fi-John Chang

  2. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan

    Li-Chiu Chang

Authors
  1. Yi-Shin Wang
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  2. Li-Chiu Chang
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  3. Fi-John Chang
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Correspondence to Fi-John Chang.

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Wang, YS., Chang, LC. & Chang, FJ. Explore Regional PM2.5 Features and Compositions Causing Health Effects in Taiwan. Environmental Management 67, 176–191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01391-5

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