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Nitrogen Emissions-Based Assessment of Anthropogenic Regional Ecological Risk: An Example of Taiwanese Urbanization, 1990–2015

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Abstract

This study proposes a framework for evaluating anthropogenic nitrogen emissions and local vulnerability in order to assess regional ecological risk of human activity during a stable urbanization process. Taiwan, an isolated island with a unique environment, intensive agriculture, concentrated industries, and stable urbanization, was an ideal location for testing this framework. Local vulnerability is influenced by social characteristics, economic development, environmental protection, and other indicators related to these. Within the context of urbanization, therefore, and using official statistical data, human metabolism, agricultural and industrial production, and transportation were evaluated. The results indicate that the rate of anthropogenic nitrogen emissions decreased as the process of urbanization in Taiwan stabilized. While nitrogen emissions from agricultural production, household and industrial wastewater gradually decreased due to a reduction in the area of arable farmland, a reduction in the use of fertilizers and increased sewage treatment, nitrogen emissions from transportation increased due to higher energy consumption from vehicle use. Taiwan exhibited a higher degree of regional vulnerability in 1998 because motor vehicle density increased significantly, while rates of per capita green area and resource recovery remained relatively low. The study found that if Taiwan maintains its current conditions with respect to standard of living, agriculture, industry, and transportation, nitrogen emissions from human metabolism and agricultural and industrial production will not increase regional ecological risk, while nitrogen emissions from transportation will likely increase this risk. Therefore, this paper suggests that future environmental planning in Taiwan should prioritize low-emissions sustainable transportation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported and funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41330747 and 41671180). The authors would like to thank He Yin and Zhenhuan Liu for help proof-reading the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Xili Town, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, China

    Hsiaofei Chang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, 100875, Beijing, China

    Yanxu Liu

  3. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, China

    Yanglin Wang

  4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, 100081, Beijing, China

    Li Zhang

  5. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, China

    Zhiqing Song

  6. Department of Ecoscience and Ecotechnology, Tainan University, 33 Section 2, Shulin Street, 70005, Tainan, Taiwan

    Ichen Hsueh

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Chang, H., Liu, Y., Wang, Y. et al. Nitrogen Emissions-Based Assessment of Anthropogenic Regional Ecological Risk: An Example of Taiwanese Urbanization, 1990–2015. Environmental Management 62, 968–986 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1089-3

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