Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Non-Point Source Pollutant Load Variation in Rapid Urbanization Areas by Remote Sensing, Gis and the L-THIA Model: A Case in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, China

  • Published:
Environmental Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Urban sprawl is a major driving force that alters local and regional hydrology and increases non-point source pollution. Using the Bao’an District in Shenzhen, China, a typical rapid urbanization area, as the study area and land-use change maps from 1988 to 2014 that were obtained by remote sensing, the contributions of different land-use types to NPS pollutant production were assessed with a localized long-term hydrologic impact assessment (L-THIA) model. The results show that the non-point source pollution load changed significantly both in terms of magnitude and spatial distribution. The loads of chemical oxygen demand, total suspended substances, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were affected by the interactions between event mean concentration and the magnitude of changes in land-use acreages and the spatial distribution. From 1988 to 2014, the loads of chemical oxygen demand, suspended substances and total phosphorus showed clearly increasing trends with rates of 132.48 %, 32.52 % and 38.76 %, respectively, while the load of total nitrogen decreased by 71.52 %. The immigrant population ratio was selected as an indicator to represent the level of rapid urbanization and industrialization in the study area, and a comparison analysis of the indicator with the four non-point source loads demonstrated that the chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads are linearly related to the immigrant population ratio. The results provide useful information for environmental improvement and city management in the study area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bai FJ, Li TH (2012) GIS and L-THIA based analysis on variations of non-point pollution in the Guanlan river watershed, Shenzhen. Chin J Environ Sci 33(8):2667–2673

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai X, Ma KM, Yang L, Zhang XL (2008) Simulating the impacts of land-use changes on non-point source pollution Lugu Lake watershed. Int J Sust Dev World Ecol 15(1):18–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird C, Jennings M, Ockerman D, Dybala T (1996) Characterization of non-point sources and loadings to the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program Study Area. Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Austin TX

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaduri B, Grove M, Lowry C, Harbor J (1997) Assessing long-term hydrologic effects of land use change. Journal of the American Water Works Association 89(11):94–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaduri B, Harbor J, Engel B, Grove M (2000) Assessing watershed-scale, long-term hydrologic impacts of land-use change using a GIS-NPS model. Environ Manage 26(6):643–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binoy PS (2011) Level of urbanization in Varanasi and its adjoining districts of state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Res Human Soc Sci 1(3):12–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Gan HY, Zhuo MN, Li DQ, Zhou YZ (2006) Water quality characteristics of road runoff from urban area of Guangzhou. Ecol Environ 15(5):969–973. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Girmay G, Singh BR, Nyssen J, Borrosen T (2009) Runoff and sediment-associated nutrient losses under different land uses in Tigray, Norther Ethiopia. J Hydrol 376:70–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grove M, Harbor J, Engel B, Muthukrishnan S (2001) Impacts of urbanization on surface hydrology, Little Eagle Creek, Indiana, and analysis of LTHIA model sensitivity to data resolution. Phys Geogr 22(2):135–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Güneralp B, Seto KC (2008) Environmental impacts of urban growth from an integrated dynamic perspective: a case study of Shenzhen, South China. Glob Environ Chang 18(4):720–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbor J (1994) A practical method for estimating the impact of land use change on surface runoff, groundwater recharge and wetland hydrology. J Am Plann Assoc 60:91–104. http://gd.qq.com/a/20160118/413013546.htm

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim KJ, Engel BA, Tang Z, Muthukrishnan S, Choi J, Kim K (2006) Effects of calibration on L-THIA GIS runoff and pollutant estimation. J Environ Manag 78:35–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo HB, Luo L, Huang H, He Q, Liu P (2009) Total pollution features of urban runoff outlets for urban rivers. Environ Sci 30(11):3228–3236. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Munroe DK, McSweeney K, Olson JL, Mansfield B (2014) Using economic geography to reinvigorate land-change science. Geoforum 52:12–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MWR (2002) Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)

  • Nejadhashemi AP, Woznicki SA, Douglas-Mankin KR (2011) Comparison of four models (STEPL, PLOAD, L-THIA, and SWAT) in simulating sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorous loads and pollutant source areas. T Asabe 54(3):875–890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng MK (2003) City profile: Shenzhen. Cities 20:429–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey S, Gunn R, Lim KJ, Engel BA, Harbor J (2000) Developing web-based tool to assess long-term hydrologic impacts of land use change: information technology issues and a case study. J Urban Reg Inf Syst Assoc (URISA) 12(4):5–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Pednekar AM, Grant SB, Jeong Y, Poon Y, Oancea C (2005) Influence of climate change, tidal mixing, and watershed urbanization on historical water quality in Newport Bay, a saltwater wetland and tidal embayment in Southern California. Environ Sci Technol 39:9071–9082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JA (1996) Classifier performance and map accuracy. Remote Sens Environ 57:161–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shenzhen Bao’an District. (2015). Year book of Shenzhen Bao’an district, Shenzhen press group, Shenzhen, Guangdong

  • Shenzhen EPA and Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences (2009) Study on key issues of water pollution control and water quality models for rivers of Longgang. Pingshan and Guanlan, Shenzhen, pp 20–30

  • Shen ZY, Hong Q, Yu H, Niu JF (2010) Parameter uncertainty analysis of non-point source pollution from different land use types. Sci Total Environ 408(8):1971–1978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang Z, Engel BA, Pijanowski BC, Lim KJ (2005) Forecasting land use change and its environmental impact at a watershed scale. J Environ Manag 76(1):35–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thanapakpawin P, Richey J, Thomas D, Rodda S, Campbell B, Logsdon M (2007) Effects of land use change on the hydrologic regime of the Mae Chaem river basins, NW Thailand. J Hydrol 334(1-2):215–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service) (1986) Urban hydrology for small watersheds, 2nd edn.. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (2009) National water quality inventory: report to congress for the 2004 reporting cycle. U.S. EPA Office of Water, Washington DC, EPA 841-R-08-001

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X (2006) Management of agricultural non-point source pollution in China: Current status and challenges. Water Sci Technol 53(2):1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Choi W, Deal BM (2005) Long-term impacts of land-use change on non-point source pollutant loads for the St. Louis metropolitan area, USA. Environ Manag 35(2):194–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R, Qin HP, Zhao ZJ (2015) Control studies of peak flow and non-point source pollution for urbanized area based on SWMM. Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekin 51(1):141–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SX, Wang SL (2013) Land use/land cover change and their effects on landscape patterns in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang (China). Environ Monit Assess 185(12):9729–9742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng QH (2001) Modeling urban growth effects on surface runoff with the integration of remote sensing and GIS. Environ Manag 28(6):737–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu P, Sun KP, Zhang YJ et al (2014) Study of pollution load estimation of urban runoff located in Guangming new district of Shenzhen city. Environ Prot Sci 40(5):19–23

  • Zaimes GN, Schultz RC, Isenhart TM (2008) Total phosphorus concentrations and compaction in riparian areas under different riparian land-uses of Iowa. Agric Ecosyst Environ 127:22–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Shen T, Liu MH, Wan Y, Liu JB, Li J (2011) Research on non-point source pollution spatial distribution of Qingdao based on L-THIA model. Math Comp Model 54(3-4):1151–1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J, Fang WH, Shi PJ, Zhou L (2009) Modeling the impacts of land use change on hydrological processes in fast urbanizing region-a case study of the buji watershed in Shenzhen city, China. Chin J Nat Resour 24(9):1560–1572

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Key Technology Support Program with Grant No. 2013BAJ13B00 and Shenzhen Environmental Protection Fund with Grant No. 200701. Support from the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality is also acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, the Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China

    Tianhong Li & Peng Han

  2. Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Tianhong Li, Fengjiao Bai, Peng Han & Yuanyan Zhang

Authors
  1. Tianhong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fengjiao Bai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peng Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuanyan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tianhong Li.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, T., Bai, F., Han, P. et al. Non-Point Source Pollutant Load Variation in Rapid Urbanization Areas by Remote Sensing, Gis and the L-THIA Model: A Case in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, China. Environmental Management 58, 873–888 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0743-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0743-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation