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Analysis of Roadside Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) in Major Korean Cities

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Abstract

A data analysis of three major Korean cities was conducted to assess roadside inhalable particulate matter 10 μm or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), including temporal and meteorological variations, over a recent period of 4 to 6 years. The yearly roadside PM10 concentrations presented a well-defined increasing trend or no trend depending on the roadside monitoring station. Most mean values exceeded or approximated the Korean standard of 70 μg/m3 per year for PM10. A representative roadside diurnal trend was characterized by a distinct morning maximum. In most cases, the Sunday roadside concentrations were similar to or somewhat lower than the weekday concentrations, and the PM10 concentrations presented a well-defined seasonal variation, with the maximum concentration in March. The monthly maximum concentrations observed in March were most likely attributable to Asian dust storms. In two metropolitan cities (Seoul and Busan), the frequency of days with roadside PM10 concentrations exceeding the standard of 150μg/m3 per 24 h was much lower for the roadside monitoring stations than for the residential monitoring station, whereas in the third city (Daegu), this result was reversed. Interestingly, the average maximum concentrations observed for the roadside sites in Seoul and Busan during March were higher than those for the residential sites, suggesting that the roadside concentrations responded more to the dust storms than the residential areas. The relationship between the pollutant concentrations and five important meteorological parameters (solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) showed that the number and type of meteorological variables included in the equations varied according to the monitoring station or season. Finally, the current results confirmed that attention should be given to the PM10 exposure of residents living near roadways.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the KNURT project 2003 at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. We thank the reviewers of our manuscript for their great suggestions and other valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea

    Wan-Kuen Jo

  2. Environment and Energy Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Hyoja-Dong Nam-Ku, Pohang, Kyungpook, 790-330, Korea

    Jin-Ho Park

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  1. Wan-Kuen Jo
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  2. Jin-Ho Park
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Correspondence to Wan-Kuen Jo.

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Jo, WK., Park, JH. Analysis of Roadside Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) in Major Korean Cities. Environmental Management 36, 826–841 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0341-1

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