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Efficacy and Safety of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections Following Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Recommended Doses, Complications, and Outcomes

  • Review
  • Rhinoplasty
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Triamcinolone acetonide injections (TAIs) have been suggested to decrease complications following rhinoplasty. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of TAIs following rhinoplasty.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search on Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to May 2023, without any timeframe limitations. The following terms were used: (Triamcinolone OR steroid injections OR triamcinolone acetonide) AND (Skin thickness OR supratip edema OR supratip deformity OR Pollybeak deformity) AND (rhinoplasty OR external rhinoplasty). We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies (prospective, retrospective, and case series).

Results

In total, six of the 1604 articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 1524 patients were included in this study. Our results included patient demographics, type of rhinoplasty, post-injection follow-up period, site of injection, type of syringe used, timing of the first dose, volume and concentration used, time interval between doses, response to the injection, and complications of injection.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to address this issue. Our results demonstrate the ease and safety of TAIs as a first-line treatment, with positive outcomes and limited complications. TAIs can be used early postoperatively to minimize the need for revision surgery. Despite the limited number of studies on TAIs, this study provides the best available evidence that can help surgeons decide when to use the injection, the intervals between doses, and the duration of use. Further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm our findings.

Level of Evidence II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Availability of Data and Materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Funding

The authors do not have any conflict of funding to declare.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Mohammed Khan and Bassam AlRajhi have contributed equally and are joint first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Khan

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Khan

  3. College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Bassam AlRajhi

  4. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Leenah Turkistani

  5. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    Fatimah Ali Alzubaidi

  6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Wedyan Almosa

  7. College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Rakan Abu alqam

  8. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hatan Mortada

  9. Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hatan Mortada

  10. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Faisal M. Obeid

  11. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Alarfaj

Authors
  1. Mohammed Khan
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  2. Bassam AlRajhi
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  3. Leenah Turkistani
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  4. Fatimah Ali Alzubaidi
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  5. Wedyan Almosa
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  6. Rakan Abu alqam
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  7. Hatan Mortada
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  8. Faisal M. Obeid
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  9. Ahmed Alarfaj
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Contributions

BA contributed to study protocol, literature screening, and full-text assessment, created the tables, reviewed and edited the initial draft, and supervised and led the study. MK conceptualized the idea, created the tables, wrote the abstract and the cover letter, reviewed and edited the initial draft, and supervised and led the study. LT was involved in the literature screening by title and abstract, full-text assessment, and data extraction. FAA was responsible for full-text assessment, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias. WA submitted the proposal for PRESPERO, and wrote the methods and discussion. RAA wrote the introduction, discussion, and conclusion writing, and rearranged the references. HM, FMO, and AA supervised the study and proofread the final draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bassam AlRajhi.

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Conflict of interest

The authors do not have any conflict of interest to disclose.

Ethical Approval

Not applicable due to the nature of the study.

Informed Consent

Not applicable due to the nature of the study.

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Khan, M., AlRajhi, B., Turkistani, L. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections Following Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Recommended Doses, Complications, and Outcomes. Aesth Plast Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-03967-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-03967-6

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