Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of the Effect of Metoprolol Dosage on Fat Graft Survival

  • Original Article
  • Basic Science/Experimental
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different metoprolol doses on fat graft survival.

Material and Method

A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The dorsal regions of the rats were separated into four quadrants: right and left cranial, and right and left caudal. Each quadrant was determined as a separate group. Fat grafts were harvested from the groin areas and incubated in 5 ml solutions containing 0.9% sodium chloride (control group), 1 mg/mL metoprolol (Group 1), 2 mg/mL metoprolol (Group 2), and 3 mg/mL metoprolol (Group 3), respectively. The fat grafts were then placed in pockets dissected in each of the 4 dorsal quadrants. After 3 months all the rats were euthanized. The fat grafts were removed together with the surrounding area to which they had passed. Histopathological examination was made with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson Trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical examination with fibroblast growth factor-2 and perilipin staining.

Results

In the examinations made with HE and Masson Trichrome staining, the scores of Group 2 and Group 3 were determined to be significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The Group 3 scores were significantly higher than those of Group 1 (p < 0.05). In the examinations made with fibroblast growth factor-2 staining, the scores of Group 2 and Group 3 were determined to be significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The Group 3 scores were significantly higher than those of Group 1 and Group 2 (p < 0.05). In the examinations made with perilipin staining, the scores in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Although metoprolol has previously been shown to prolong the survival of fat grafts, the results of this study demonstrated immunohistochemically that as the metoprolol dose increased, so the quality and vitality of fat graft also increased.

No Level Assigned

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Strong AL, Cederna PS, Rubin JP, Coleman SR, Levi B (2015) The Current state of fat grafting: a review of harvesting, processing, and injection techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 136(4):897–912

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Smith P, Adams WP Jr, Lipschitz AH, Chau B, Sorokin E, Rohrich RJ, Brown SA (2006) Autologous human fat grafting: effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 117(6):1836–1844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Locke MB, de Chalain TM (2008) Current practice in autologous fat transplantation: suggested clinical guidelines based on a review of recent literature. Ann Plast Surg 60(1):98–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mubarak SJ, Patel PN, Upasani VV, Moor MA, Wenger DR (2009) Calcaneonavicular coalition: treatment by excision and fat graft. J Pediatr Orthop 29(5):418–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Maione L, Lisa A, Vinci V, Bandi V, Klinger F, Klinger M (2019) AUtologous fat graft in foot calcaneal postsurgical chronic ulcer. Injury 50(Suppl 4):S64–S67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sunaga A, Sugawara Y, Katsuragi-Tomioka Y, Kobayashi E (2013) The fate of nonvascularized fat grafts: histological and bioluminescent study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 1(6):e40

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Davis K, Rasko Y, Oni G, Bills J, Geissler P, Kenkel JM (2013) Comparison of adipocyte viability and fat graft survival in an animal model using a new tissue liquefaction liposuction device vs standard Coleman method for harvesting. Aesthet Surg J 33(8):1175–1185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ayhan M, Senen D, Adanali G, Görgü M, Erdoğan B, Albayrak B (2001) Use of beta blockers for increasing survival of free fat grafts. Aesthet Plast Surg 25(5):338–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Okyay MF, Kömürcü H, Bağhaki S, Demiröz A, Aydın Ö, Arslan H (2019) Effects of insulin, metoprolol and deferoxamine on fat graft survival. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(3):845–852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang S, Gusenoff JA, Rubin JP, Kokai L (2019) Molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue survival during severe hypoxia: implications for autologous fat graft performance. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 7(6):e2275

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Pham NA, Morrison A, Schwock J, Aviel-Ronen S, Iakovlev V, Tsao MS, Ho J, Hedley DW (2007) Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical stains using a CMYK color model. Diagn Pathol 2:8

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Karakol P, Bozkurt M, Gelbal C, Tuglu MI (2021) Efficacy of stromal vascular fraction and enzyme-free mechanical isolation therapy in experimental full thickness burn wounds. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 28:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yuksel E, Weinfeld AB, Cleek R, Wamsley S, Jensen J, Boutros S, Waugh JM, Shenaq SM, Spira M (2000) Increased free fat-graft survival with the long-term, local delivery of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and basic fibroblast growth factor by PLGA/PEG. Microspheres Plast Reconstr Surg. 105(5):1712–1720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Topcu A, Aydin OE, Ünlü M, Barutcu A, Atabey A (2012) Increasing the viability of fat grafts by vascular endothelial growth factor. Arch Facial Plast Surg 14(4):270–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chajchir A, Benzaquen I, Wexler E, Arellano A (1990) Fat injection. Aesthet Plast Surg 14(2):127–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pu LL (2016) Mechanisms of fat graft survival. Ann Plast Surg 77(Suppl 1):S84–S86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ramseyer VD, Granneman JG (2016) Adrenergic regulation of cellular plasticity in brown, beige/brite and white adipose tissues. Adipocyte 5(2):119–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Frühbeck G, Méndez-Giménez L, Fernández-Formoso JA, Fernández S, Rodríguez A (2014) Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Nutr Res Rev 27(1):63–93

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Yu F, Witman N, Yan D, Zhang S, Zhou M, Yan Y et al (2020) Human adipose-derived stem cells enriched with VEGF-modified mRNA promote angiogenesis and long-term graft survival in a fat graft transplantation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 11(1):490

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Novais A, Chatzopoulou E, Chaussain C, Gorin C (2021) The Potential of FGF-2 in craniofacial bone tissue engineering: a review. Cells 10(4):932

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Zaragosi LE, Ailhaud G, Dani C (2006) Autocrine fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling is critical for self-renewal of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells 24(11):2412–2419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nakamura S, Ishihara M, Takikawa M, Murakami K, Kishimoto S, Nakamura S et al (2011) Increased survival of free fat grafts and vascularization in rats with local delivery of fragmin/protamine microparticles containing FGF-2 (F/P MP-F). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 96(2):234–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Eto H, Kato H, Suga H, Aoi N, Doi K, Kuno S, Yoshimura K (2012) The fate of adipocytes after nonvascularized fat grafting: evidence of early death and replacement of adipocytes. Plast Reconstr Surg 129(5):1081–1092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jin S, Li Y, Shang T, Hua Z, Li F (2019) Several opinions on effects of insulin, metoprolol and deferoxamine on fat graft survival. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(5):1412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Arslan H (2019) Invited response on: “several opinions on effects of insulin, metoprolol and deferoxamine on fat graft.” Aesthet Plast Surg 43(5):1413–1414

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. MFO Clinic, Antakya, Turkey

    Mehmet Fatih Okyay

  2. Ahmet Oztermeli Gebze Fatih State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Ahmet Oztermeli

Authors
  1. Mehmet Fatih Okyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmet Oztermeli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehmet Fatih Okyay.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No conflicts of interest to disclose

Statement of Animal Rights

Approval for this study was granted by the Experimental Animals Local Ethics Committee. The study was conducted taking into consideration all the regulations required for applications made to rats

Informed Consent

Not required

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Okyay, M.F., Oztermeli, A. Evaluation of the Effect of Metoprolol Dosage on Fat Graft Survival. Aesth Plast Surg 47, 1598–1608 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03271-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03271-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation